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khwarezm posted:I'm a little confused, shouldn't the origin point be closer to Ethiopia or am I reading this wrong? Probably closer to modern Tanzania than Ethiopia, but I think that diagram is focusing on the people who left Africa. The genetic root of all humans is mitochondrial haplogroup L. These people who ultimately left Africa were almost exclusively from haplogroup L3, which came more or less through Ethiopia and is indicated on the map, sort of in the right place. As I understand it, the genetics is really complicated and not 100% clear. The vast majority of human genetic diversity exists within Africa, but the goal of this map is to show the migration out of Africa not within it. There were essentially six groups that split off the first humans in Africa. One of those left and split into everything else. This map might be better, but doesn't show the Americas. 
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Aug 7, 2013 03:25
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KernelSlanders posted:the vast majority of human genetic diversity exists within Africa huh really? This totally makes sense now that I think about it, but I'd never heard that before. Care to elaborate?
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Aug 7, 2013 05:33
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It's a typical genetic distribution between populations caused by something know as the founder effect. You can easily test it yourself with a bag of skittles. There are five colors in the bag at the start, but pull out five skittles at random and it's not likely you'll get a perfectly representative sample. No it's more likely you'll end up with three purple and two yellow, or two green and two red and one yellow. Through the random selection of individual skittles you have lost some of your color diversity. Humans leaving Africa subjected themselves to the same random processes. Eurasians are less genetically diverse than Africans because they are all descended from a small non-representative sample that was less diverse than the entire species as a whole. Now there are a lot of other effects complicating the picture, for example the fact that all humankind represents a genetic continuity with gene flow possible from Cape Town to the Pitcairns, or from Tierra del Fuego to Iceland, but the impact of founding events is generally still measurable today. Squalid fucked around with this message at 08:32 on Aug 7, 2013 |
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Aug 7, 2013 08:19
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Koramei posted:huh really? This totally makes sense now that I think about it, but I'd never heard that before. Care to elaborate?  Here's a Y-chromosome haplomap. It basically shows the genetic diversity of the y-chromosome prior to the age of exploration. Notice the diversity in Africa/the Middle East compared to South America. That's because the population of South America is from a lineage started by fewer individuals with less genetic diversity. There have been multiple "Out of Africa" events. There were at least 5 where humans expanded to new areas, and only a portion of humans' genetic diversity would have been present in those groups. If all the men in a group belong to haplogroup "A", everyone in the lineage would be expected to be in haplogroup A or some new haplogroup arising from a mutation in "A" Here's the distribution of a single haplogroup .PNG/300px-HG_J1_(ADN-Y).PNG) Here's another for a haplotype, R-M17, with a more complex distribution. Scientists still disagree over it's origin and how it got distributed in this way. A human migration was likely involved:  These types of maps along with analysis of genetic lineages give us our current ideas about human movements. For example, we are able to tell that the lineage went A -->B-->C and not B-->A-->C by looking at the probability of each possible lineage. Therefore, places with a high rate of the "A" haplotype have been inhabited longer than those with the "C" haplotype. This is a gross oversimplification but it gives you the idea. There are about 20 haplotypes of the Y-chromosme and there is always the possibility that groups come back together after being separated for a long time. neurobasalmedium fucked around with this message at 08:57 on Aug 7, 2013 |
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Aug 7, 2013 08:52
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After reading that GBS thread about two UK hippies getting their hobbit house torn down I looked for a map of UK green belts. It turns out the Telegraph has a nice interactive map of all the green belt areas in England. I could not find a map for the whole UK (sorry  , Wales and Northern Ireland).Here is a static map for people who don't like links. 
SaltyJesus fucked around with this message at 14:06 on Aug 7, 2013 |
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Aug 7, 2013 13:58
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Dork457 posted:
Could you translate this please? Is there a difference between Spanish and Portuguese french, or German and Dutch french? Even if the "french" was superfluous, how is there a difference between US/UK/CAN and AUS/NZ. Don't the same grammatical rules apply?
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Aug 7, 2013 14:29
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goethe42 posted:Could you translate this please? Is there a difference between Spanish and Portuguese french, or German and Dutch french?
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Aug 7, 2013 14:38
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goethe42 posted:Could you translate this please? Is there a difference between Spanish and Portuguese french, or German and Dutch french? What this means is that it's la Russie, la Chine, la Finlande etc (all the purple ones start with la) whereas all the green ones are male and therefore start with le. (le Brésil, le Maroc etc.)
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Aug 7, 2013 14:58
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Koramei posted:huh really? This totally makes sense now that I think about it, but I'd never heard that before. Care to elaborate? Squalid did a pretty good job. I would just add that at least for matrilineal decent everyone who left Africa on the first migration came from the same small subset. By that measure, when the Europeans arrived in the Americas the people they found there, who had traveled half way around the world in the other direction, were more closely related than say two random people still in Africa. Of course matrilineage is simpler to trace since everyeone has exactly one mother. When you look at other markers things get more complicated. People kept mating with their neighbors and sometimes different populations come back into contact with each other briefly after having split off from each other previously. The National Library of Medicine has data if you want to play at home. I'll add this "map" of all known life phylogeny. One of the things I find most amazing about it is that a mushroom is more closely related to you or me than it is to an oak tree. 
KernelSlanders fucked around with this message at 15:29 on Aug 7, 2013 |
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Aug 7, 2013 15:18
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lonelywurm posted:The image and the post are simply a description of the grammatical gender of each country's name as used in French. So le Portugal is green, and la Suède (Sweden) is purple. I'm not entirely sure what you thought they meant, but it's nothing more complicated than that. Well, I only speak a few words of french, so I didn't immediately understand it as relating to french grammar. I understood (or didn't) it as something having to do with how names (of persons) in a certain language inherently express the gender of the person. For example, slavic female names all end on "a", while male names do not. Andrea is a male name in italian, but a female name in german. In english, Tony is male name, while Toni is a female name. Something like this, that's why the "french" somehow bugged me. On the other hand I guess it's understandable, try to search the forums for "gender" and see how often it has anything to do with linguistics. 
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Aug 7, 2013 15:30
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KernelSlanders posted:As I understand it, the genetics is really complicated and not 100% clear. wiki posted:
I think when prehistorians make up these maps it's important to remember that individual people and even large clan/tribe groups can move much, much faster than the archeological evidence can track. The time scale for the migration between North America and South America for example is based on just a few archeological sites and if you match it up with human walking speed you immediately notice a problem. It doesn't take 30,000 years to walk from Northeast Asia to South America; it doesn't even take 30 years. Even limiting tribes to moving a few miles every year the timescales are still absurd. For the Clovis point archeological evidence there are so few data points that you can make a decent argument that it's completely backwards and that the data suggests that the Clovis migrated from the southern tip of South America to Alaska, which says more about the poor quality of the data set than actual prehistoric movements. It doesn't help that archeologists are pretty sure that the best evidence is underwater, since the Pleistocene sea shore where migrating humans would have moved fastest is way out on the modern ocean floor. Asian and African migration studies have better evidence but the core problem remains; the genetics is complicated because people were wandering around and trading and having sex in ways that don't fit into a nice thick line on a map.
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Aug 7, 2013 15:42
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John Nance Garner posted:Why? Because these types of maps are spectacular. Oh, the other is Roosevelt, for the most part. Any why Utah, New York, New Mexico, Wyoming and Massachusetts big supporters of Taft? (also my home county apparently)
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Aug 7, 2013 17:28
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neurobasalmedium posted:US-Canada Border Dispute If I recall correctly, there's a similar boundary dispute between the US and Canada that neither side wants to resolve, because it resolving in either nation's favor would hurt their claim in the Beaufort Sea.
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Aug 7, 2013 21:24
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Haschel Cedricson posted:If I recall correctly, there's a similar boundary dispute between the US and Canada that neither side wants to resolve, because it resolving in either nation's favor would hurt their claim in the Beaufort Sea.  In 1899, the British took control of Sudan, administering it (in theory) jointly with Egypt. The border between Egypt and Sudan was set at the 22nd parallel. A few years later in 1902, a separate "administrative boundary" was created, giving parts north of the parallel to Sudan to administer, and parts south of the line to Egypt.  Once Egypt and Sudan became independent, they each preferred the border claim that gave them control of the Hala'ib Triangle: Egypt the 22nd parallel, and Sudan the administrative border. What this means is that Bir Tawil, north of the administrative border but south of the 22nd parallel, isn't claimed by either; and in fact, claiming it would weaken their claim on the preferable Hala'ib Triangle, which is larger and has seacoast.  In practice, Egypt still administers it, they just don't claim it as part of their country. It's a rare example of terra nullius, land unclaimed by any nation.
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Aug 7, 2013 22:06
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Lord Hydronium posted:It's a rare example of terra nullius, land unclaimed by any nation. I smell a failed goon project in the making
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Aug 7, 2013 22:10
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Arglebargle III posted:I think when prehistorians make up these maps it's important to remember that individual people and even large clan/tribe groups can move much, much faster than the archeological evidence can track. The time scale for the migration between North America and South America for example is based on just a few archeological sites and if you match it up with human walking speed you immediately notice a problem. It doesn't take 30,000 years to walk from Northeast Asia to South America; it doesn't even take 30 years. Even limiting tribes to moving a few miles every year the timescales are still absurd. Would it be possible for small villages to be buried on the sea floor as well or maybe even a larger structure like Göbekli Tepe? That would be a really cool find.
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Aug 7, 2013 23:08
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Sure. Although there are very few places where those villages are likely to have been constructed of something that wouldn't just decay into slime under the ocean. The Black sea is one of those places. Dunno how you'd find them though, most like there's nothing you can do with todays technology but dredge, which obviously isn't going to give you very useful data.
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Aug 7, 2013 23:47
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Yeah, a lot of the ways that we use to guess at where to dig don't work so well if the entire area is covered in tens of feet of soft sediment, not to mention underwater.
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Aug 8, 2013 00:00
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withak posted:Yeah, a lot of the ways that we use to guess at where to dig don't work so well if the entire area is covered in tens of feet of soft sediment, not to mention underwater. Well yeah.  Maybe one we will be able to find something with small drones or something.
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Aug 8, 2013 00:53
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Lawman 0 posted:Would it be possible for small villages to be buried on the sea floor as well or maybe even a larger structure like Göbekli Tepe? Atlit Yam is such a site, off Israel's coast. Neolithic. According to Wikipedia they've found some structures, a stone circle, some wells, some skeletons.
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Aug 8, 2013 02:06
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 What's that I see? Is that 8 pixels of Kashmiri territory grouped with Pakistan and not India? Way to piss off a billion people, Microsoft. This is why the time zone map no longer highlights. Related but not a map, they no longer use the word "country" and instead use safer words like "location"; one round of police questioning at Microsoft China, asking why they thought Taiwan was its own country, was enough.
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Aug 8, 2013 14:33
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Now I want to make a movie about an overworked code monkey who inadvertently starts a nuclear war between India and Pakistan because of his sloppy coding on the Windows 95 timezone feature, played by Paul Giamatti.
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Aug 8, 2013 15:13
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Ofc. Sex Robot BPD posted:the Windows 95 timezone feature, played by Paul Giamatti. And Kevin Spacey as Character Map.
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Aug 8, 2013 16:56
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Aug 8, 2013 21:31
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I'm pretty sure Hockey is more popular than Football in Russia. Probably Czech Republic and Sweden as well.
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Aug 8, 2013 21:56
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Shaffness posted:I'm pretty sure Hockey is more popular than Football in Russia. Probably Czech Republic and Sweden as well. Ice hockey is big in all of these countries and they're good at it, but football is loving huge. I'm fairly sure that map is accurate at least in terms of ice hockey overall.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:06
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I'm a little surprised basketball isn't more popular than football in some of those midwestern states.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:17
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The only states that aren't American Football colored are states with bad college football programs
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Aug 8, 2013 22:25
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Personally I'm curious about why table tennis is apparently so popular in China.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:30
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Dr. Tough posted:I'm a little surprised basketball isn't more popular than football in some of those midwestern states. As a Californian that is completely uninterested in Basketball, I find it surprising basketball is so popular here. Is it the Lakers? Socal goons probably have a better idea.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:31
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rscott posted:The only states that aren't American Football colored are states with bad college football programs Is that the cause or the effect? Also, I would have thought RSA would have been rugby, or did that change after Apartheid ended?
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Aug 8, 2013 22:41
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JosefStalinator posted:As a Californian that is completely uninterested in Basketball, I find it surprising basketball is so popular here. Is it the Lakers? Socal goons probably have a better idea. Well California has four NBA teams, so basketball has got to be at least somewhat popular.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:42
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JosefStalinator posted:As a Californian that is completely uninterested in Basketball, I find it surprising basketball is so popular here. Is it the Lakers? Socal goons probably have a better idea. I'm more surprised about Latvia and Lithuania myself. I also love the way that tons of former British empire colonies are more into cricket than Britain herself (except Ireland, we need a smily of a crying potato in front of an Irish tricolor). khwarezm fucked around with this message at 22:47 on Aug 8, 2013 |
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Aug 8, 2013 22:42
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JosefStalinator posted:As a Californian that is completely uninterested in Basketball, I find it surprising basketball is so popular here. Is it the Lakers? Socal goons probably have a better idea. No football team and the Lakers. People like winners and when you've won like 1/3 of all championships ever its hard to be more of a winner.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:42
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What kind of popularity is that measuring, anyways? I'd find it hard to believe that the NBA finals or the World Series draws more viewers than the Superbowl in any of those non-football states.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:43
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How is skiing popular in Estonia? Where do they even ski? 
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Aug 8, 2013 22:47
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KernelSlanders posted:Also, I would have thought RSA would have been rugby, or did that change after Apartheid ended?
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Aug 8, 2013 22:53
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IM_DA_DECIDER posted:How is skiing popular in Estonia? Where do they even ski? Um, why wouldn't they be abl eto ski there? Cross-country skiing is one of the more popular forms anyways and it's entirely possible in Estonian landscape, ski jumping on the other hand happens on artificial hills anyways. Alpine skiing isn't the only way to ski you know. Nevertheless, I had no idea it that's popular and I find it hard to believe it attracts more crowds than football.
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Aug 8, 2013 22:58
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IM_DA_DECIDER posted:How is skiing popular in Estonia? Where do they even ski?
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Aug 8, 2013 22:58
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platedlizard posted:Personally I'm curious about why table tennis is apparently so popular in China. Communal ping-pong tables.
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Aug 8, 2013 23:01
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