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Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

LashLightning posted:

This but female and called Maxine. Go for as close to Imperator Furiosa as you can.

I'd vote for this as well, but with a couple of modifications:

1) Maxine isn't on the Codsworth recognized list. But you know what is on his recognized list? Furiosa.

2) But I don't think it makes sense for her to be called Furiosa from the beginning, or to have a shaved-bald haircut. Have her start out with a nice, attractive female haircut, and be named Rosa. Then at the point when you leave the starting location and there's one last chance to change your face and your name -- that's when she changes her name to Furiosa, gives herself a Significant Haircut, and swears that she won't let her hair grow back until she (accomplishes a certain goal that would be a spoiler to mention now).

Edit: Wrote the above before I watched the intro video. So it's not a spoiler to say "until she gets revenge on the people who murdered her husband, and gets her baby back". And since you're probably not going to record through the intro a second time with a new character face, skip what I said about the hair and name change. (If you are planning to record the intro a second time with the new character's face, though, go ahead and do the Rosa -> Furiosa thing -- but it's not really necessary.)

Tax Refund fucked around with this message at 13:15 on Sep 2, 2016

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Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

ddegenha posted:

I'll be taking the video from the stream and chopping it up for people to watch over the next few days. In the mean time, we have some options available. What should we do in terms of quests?

1.) Returning the Favor - Go to USAF Satellite Station Olivia to get a locket back
2.) Help Ten Pines Bluff - This leads to a dungeon area full of raiders.
3.) There's an old quarry that someone is trying to rehabilitate, which we could help out with.
4.) Wander around various nearby areas and loot them for atmospheric detail and equipment
5.) Head on to Diamond City to follow the main quest line

Most popular items get attended to first - if something doesn't get handled with this one, it'll be added to the list for next week.

I want to vote for "all of them", which won't really change the vote totals. But since I don't really know Fallout 4, I'm watching through the stream footage before I vote.

And in watching through the footage, I heard you talk about the "Duck and Cover" drills. I won't talk about any Fallout 4 plot until it shows up in the chopped-up videos (unless you give it your OK, that is), but I assume talking about the "Duck and Cover" drills will be fine. Apparently there was a lot more sense to them than most people think. If you're within a mile or two of ground zero, yes, the whole building's probably going to be destroyed... but beyond a couple of miles, there's actually going to be a whole lot of buildings left standing after the blast wave hits them. BUT those buildings are going to lose ALL their windows. If you're standing up when the blast wave hits, you're going to be hit, and very likely killed, by lots of flying glass. But the blast wave will take 10 to 30 seconds to reach you -- and if you've ducked under your desk during that time, then as long as the building's still standing, you're probably going to end up uninjured. And you don't get irradiated by being near a nuclear blast and surviving it; you get irradiated by staying in the area afterwards, and breathing in dust that contains radioactive isotopes.

Long story short, those "Duck and Cover" drills would actually have saved a lot of lives if America had every experienced a nuclear attack.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!
I'll vote for Returning the Favor, then. And if we can vote for two or more, I'd place my second vote on searching for atmospheric detail and loot. There's a lot of atmosphere in Bethesda games, and locations can often tell their own mini-story (as we saw with that cave behind the Red Rocket garage). Everyone who plays through Fallout 4 will see the main quest, but some of the side areas with their own story to tell are easy to miss, and I think the LP will be richer if we get to see some of those easily-missed side areas.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

ultrabindu posted:

Honestly I want you to show off as much of the game as possible. Park the main quest for now and go exploring and do as many sidequests as you can.

This is my vote too, but the first thing should be to drop everything and respond to the distress call first because it does seem like the kind of thing Archer would do. I haven't read the show, only read about it, but it seems like despite his sarcasm and general dickishness, he's a pretty competent guy who takes his job seriously. And if so, then responding to an official police-radio distress call seems like the kind of thing that would take priority over whatever else he's doing at the moment.

OTOH, if someone who has seen the show says, "No, actually, that's totally NOT how Archer would act", then go with that person's greater knowledge.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

ddegenha posted:

I took a quick look and that's what people say. There are also references to them being the customers who are listed in the drug dealer's computer way back in the first update.

If that's the case, that actually brings up a decent possible explanation for ghouls. Human + extreme radiation = death (normally), BUT human + certain drugs + extreme radiation = ghoul. And because most people on those drugs are taking them addictively, most ghouls go feral due to drug withdrawal interactions of some kind (maybe the drug doesn't work on ghoul biology, or maybe the dealers who survived the bombs just don't like selling to ghouls). But some people were taking drugs not because they were addicted, but because it was prescription medication -- and those people don't go through a nasty withdrawal and thus don't turn feral. Hence why there are non-feral ghouls in Fallout 3 -- and while we haven't seen any in Fallout 4 yet, when Preston Garvey talked about ghouls, he said that some of them were "just... people", which implies that we'll meet some non-feral ghouls at some future point.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

ddegenha posted:

:thx:Update 11:thx:

It's ghouls all the way down as we make our way into Cambridge to answer the distress call. There's a lot of terrain to use to our advantage and some ammo, as well as mines all over the place. I'll just go ahead and say that this week we only got two quests done, but they're pretty long ones so it'll all work out. The new audio setup brings back a tiny bit of the echo from earlier, but it's much reduced and now we can hear. You might be able to pick up the difference as far as situational awareness goes watching this video.

I watched your stream (after the fact, as I wasn't able to get on while it was live), and the echo is completely manageable. If it's a choice between that small amount of echo and watching you play with no situational awareness, I'd choose the echo in a heartbeat. In the second stream, I remember a moment when there was gunfire going on outside and Dogmeat was yelping in pain, and you were searching the room completely oblivious to it all. (Since, of course, you couldn't hear any of it). That was... frustrating to watch, even though I knew why it was going on. It's much more fun for me to watch when you're able to actually hear what's going on, so I'm glad you have a decent audio solution now.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

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Missions, and military discipline to flout? Sounds like that would be right up Archer's alley. At least as long as they keep giving him rewards.

I assume we'll learn about the fourth group well before we have to make a permanent choice, so this is only a temporary decision. If that's the case, then definitely Join the Brotherhood of Steel, if only because Archer will get some cool toys out of it. And since it does seem like Archer, as assholish as he is, actually does care about helping people (at least this version of Archer), I guess I'll vote for re-establishing the Minutemen as well.

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Apr 15, 2011

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If you want more input, I can talk a little bit more about my thoughts. I don't really know enough about the Institute yet to know whether I'd want to vote for joining them, but I do have a guess. There was that one recording we found, where someone named ... drat, I can't remember his name. Anyway, he was apparently part of some kind of underground railroad, because he was helping some guy named H4-something get away. (And he sacrificed himself to buy H4-something some time; the last thing we heard on the recording was him being shot and the H4-something guy going, "Noooo!") And my thought was, "Okay, that sounds like a robot designation, but this person sounds human. Is there some sort of thing where fully-sentient robots are being treated as slaves?" And now that we've met the synths made by the Institute, it sounds like the Institute are the ones creating fully-sentient AIs as slaves. So I'm guessing that the third faction is this underground railroad type of group, who are helping free the sentient synths from the Institute's slavery.

If my guess is correct, then I would vote to NOT join the Institute, and instead join whatever this underground-railroad faction is called. Once we meet them, that is. Because so far, this LP seems to be going in the direction of "sarcastic, drunk, womanizing jerk-with-a-heart-of-gold who's a good guy deep down". I.e., at that one encounter at the diner with the drug dealers, Archer didn't even pretend to attack the woman whose son owed them money. As soon as he heard what they wanted, he pulled out his gun and shot the first dealer in the head, multiple times. If that's the kind of character you're running for this LP, I think he'd end up getting involved in freeing the slaves.

So eventually I think I'm going to vote for the third faction. For now, it sounds like the Brotherhood are the closest this place has to civilization, so I think Archer would join them. Free loot, and besides, if you're going to get whiskey made you need some kind of civilization, otherwise it's just raiders all the time who steal your whiskey, get drunk, and shoot up the distillery for fun. And then you have no more whiskey, ANYWHERE -- and that's a calamity! So in order to keep the world safe for democracy whiskey, the Brotherhood of Steel must be helped. For now, until something better comes along.

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Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!
I just started watching the stream (not live, of course), and about 18 minutes in, Nancy comments on a radiation gun that's shown during a loading screen, and how it works in the game. She mentions that it's weird that if the radiation that that gun fires hits a wall or something, the wall isn't irradiated, "which is really, really weird, because radiation doesn't just dissipate like that."

Which has me going, "Okay, then. It's :science: time!" Caution: HUGE wall of text ahead, but hopefully it's interesting.

So, radiation. First thing I'll mention is that there are two different meanings of the word. There's what scientists mean when they say it, and there's what the average person means when he says it. When a scientist says "radiation", he usually means any kind of energy that goes out from its source in a straight line — for example, the light from a flashlight. All light — radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays — is technically "radiation" by that definition. What the average non-scientist means when he says "radiation" is the dangerous stuff that's emitted by radioactive material like uranium. (Scientists call this "ionizing radiation", for reasons I'll get to in a minute). And that — the dangerous stuff emitted by radioactive material — is what I'm going to talk about for a bit.

When thinking about radiation, you always have to remember that there are two distinct categories: there is radiation, and there is radioactive material. Radiation is the energy given off by radioactive material, and it usually comes in four distinct forms. Three of them are referred to by Greek letters: alpha, beta or gamma radiation. The fourth one is called neutron radiation.

Alpha radiation, which is often called an alpha particle, is a helium nucleus without electrons — two protons and two neutrons, stuck together. It's a relatively large particle, as atomic particles go — which is why when it hits solid matter, it almost never penetrates to any distance. Solid matter usually has a pretty dense structure (relatively speaking). For example, here's a link showing the structure of a sodium chloride (table salt) crystal, showing each sodium and chlorine atom as a sphere. (I know the "billard ball" model of atomic structure isn't really accurate, but to understand radiation and how it affects matter, it's a good enough model). Now, a chlorine atom has 17 protons and (usually) 18 neutrons, and a sodium atom has 11 protons and (usually) 12 neutrons. So a helium nucleus is about 5-6 times smaller than a sodium atom. If you look at that photo and imagine the chlorine atom as being the size of a softball, and the sodium atom as being the size of a baseball, the helium nucleus would be about the size of a marble, maybe as small as a BB. (The atom would have electrons around the nucleus making its effective size quite a bit larger). Imagine setting up a solid grid of those softballs and baseballs, in the same arrangement as the sodium and chlorine atoms, with invisible (and intangible) wires holding the grid in place. Now shoot a few BBs at it without aiming at any particular spot. If the thickness of the grid you set up was just a few dozen layers deep, then it's very likely that the BB would go straight through without hitting any of the softballs or baseballs, right? But if you set up that grid to have five hundred thousand layers in it, then unless you happened to fire that BB exactly parallel to the grid structure, it's almost guaranteed to hit one of the balls in that grid before it gets through to the other side, right? And it just so happens that an average sheet of paper is (at a rough estimate) about 500,000 atoms thick. Which is why alpha radiation is usually stopped by a sheet of paper — because the helium nucleus (the BB) will hit one of the atoms in the sheet of paper (which are mostly carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen) before it gets through to the other side of the paper.

When alpha radiation does hit something (which is usually as soon as it makes contact with any thickness of matter, whatever that matter is made of), it carries a relatively large punch. It's likely to knock the atom out of alignment inside the solid matrix, which will make it "push" against the other atoms, transmitting energy into the matrix in the form of more vibrations. In other words, heat. But it might also knock the atom it hits clean out of the solid's matrix, damaging the solid a little bit, and creating one free-floating atom of oxygen, or carbon, or whatever. And a free-floating atom (or a number of them) is basically a gas. Meanwhile, the paper (or whatever the alpha particle hit) now has one less atom in it. If this happens a lot, the sheet of paper will eventually look "pitted" if you could look at it with a powerful enough microscope. Finally, there are two other things that the alpha particle might do, if it comes in at just the right angle to hit the nucleus of another atom. It could get stuck in that atom's nucleus (and that atom would now have two more protons and two more neutrons), or it could split that other nucleus in two. More on these two possibilities later, when I talk about radioactive material.

Beta radiation, often called a beta particle, is a single electron (or, rarely, a single anti-electron, which is usually called a positron). It's much smaller than an alpha particle, because electrons are about two thousand times smaller than either protons or neutrons. So a beta particle will usually penetrate through a single sheet of paper, but it will be stopped by a thicker amount — say, a stack of 100 sheets of paper. Or it will be stopped by a thinner layer of some denser substance: a thin sheet of aluminum foil will generally stop beta particles, because aluminum has a denser atomic matrix than paper does. Lead is especially dense: a paper-thin sheet of lead will generally stop all beta (and alpha) radiation.

Gamma radiation is not called a gamma particle, because it's actually light, in a very short-wavelength (and high-energy) form. The shorter the wavelength of light, the higher the frequency, and the more energy it carries. Visible light has wavelengths in the range of about 390 nm (purple at the edge of what humans can see) to about 700 nm (red at the edge of what humans can see). Ultraviolet light is in the 10-400 nm wavelength range, which is starting to get short (and high-energy) enough to damage your body if you're exposed to too much of it. For example, the sun naturally puts out a certain about of light in the UV spectrum, and if your skin absorbs too much of it, you get a sunburn. (But if your skin contains a lot of melanin, the melanin tends to protect you from UV by going through a chemical change that makes it darker, which is why most people get a tan from moderate amounts of UV light. If you stay in the sun past the point where your melanin can absorb UV energy, though, then you'll start to get a sunburn. And if you're like me, with genes from the United Kingdom, your skin probably has very little melanin and you sunburn super fast.) Gamma radiation is similar to UV, but with far shorter wavelengths: its wavelengths are typically around 0.01 nm. And, like UV, it will tend to damage your cells if you absorb too much of it at once. But since it's not actually a particle but a wave (well, a photon, but let's not get into that), it's actually got a decent chance to go all the way through you without hitting any atom of your cells, and without imparting its energy. You know how X-rays tend to go through you unless they hit something dense and solid like bones? A gamma ray is even more likely to go through you without hitting anything. But if it does hit an atom of your cells, it will usually knock that atom out of place, thereby changing the molecular structure of that molecule. And depending what that molecule was, it could have almost no effect on the cell, or it could kill that cell, or if it hits just right, it could alter that cell's DNA. That last part is where mutations and/or cancer usually come from: a cell whose DNA has been altered by random chance, usually by absorbing some high-energy form of light. Could be UV (you can get skin cancer from too much sunlight, although UV usually doesn't penetrate much past the skin), could be X-rays if you get too much of them ("too much" is usually in the range of thousands and thousands of medical X-rays, which is why the nurse usually stands behind a lead shield: you're only getting one X-ray dose, but he would be exposed to hundreds in a single day if he didn't use that shield). Or it could be gamma radiation that caused that mutation or that cancer. If you stand too close to radioactive material for very long, you'll absorb a lot of gamma radation, and the effects could be lots of damaged or dead cells (this is usually called radiation burn, because it works a lot like sunburn), or if you're unlucky, some permanent changes to the DNA of some of your cells.

Neutron radiation is a neutron that's come loose from some atom's nucleus and is flying around. It will usually act kind of like alpha radiation, but with one difference. An alpha particle has a charge of +2 e, where e is defined as the amount of charge on a single electron (but with a positive sign: the charge on one electron is -1 e). And a beta particle is usually an electron, with a charge of -1 e, or sometimes it's a positron with a charge of +1 e. Either way, alpha and beta particles are charged, which means they will be either attracted to or repelled by other charged particles. And whether they're pulled towards matter, or pushed away from matter, it greatly increases the chance that they'll interact with matter. Neutron radiation, on the other hand, has no charge, so it's not attracted to or repelled by other atoms. And so it has a much greater chance of passing all the way through a solid object (say, your body) without effect. But if it does hit some atom's nucleus, it's probably going to cause that atom to become radioactive. Why? We're about to get to that, because it's finally time to talk about radioactive material.

Radioactive material is anything that tends to give off energy in the form of radiation. But why does it do that? Well, remember when I said that a chlorine atom has 17 protons and (usually) 18 neutrons, and a sodium atom has 11 protons and (usually) 12 neutrons? I said "usually" for a reason. The thing that makes any atom that kind of atom is the number of protons in its nucleus, because that affects how many electrons it needs to have a stable charge, and that in turn affects what kinds of bonds it can form with other atoms. But that's getting into chemistry, and I'm going to stick with particle physics for this explanation. Basically, if the nucleus has 17 protons, it's chlorine. Doesn't matter how many neutrons it has, it's still chlorine. If the nucleus has 6 protons, it's carbon. 8 protons, that's oxygen. And so on. And in general, atoms "like" to have about as many neutrons as protons in their nucleus (and sometimes one or two more neutrons than protons). If there are quite a few more neutrons than normal, that nucleus is generally "unstable", and is going to lose a neutron or two at some point. But an atom can actually have any number of neutrons in its nucleus and still be, say, carbon. The usual form of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Since a proton and a neutron weigh basically the same amount (a proton weighs about 99.86% as much as a neutron, so basically the same), you usually say that this form of carbon has an "atomic weight" of 12, and it's usually called Carbon-12. If the carbon atom had 8 neutrons instead of 6, its atomic weight would be 14, and that's called Carbon-14. (These are called "isotopes": Carbon-14 and Carbon-12 are the two most well-known isotopes of carbon). Most atoms have one or two stable isotopes, and usually one is far more common than the others (Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 are both stable, but about 99% of carbon you find in nature is Carbon-12, and only about 1% is Carbon-13). The unstable isotopes usually "decay" by losing a neutron (which shoots out from the nucleus in the form of neutron radiation). When this happens, they keep the same number of protons so they're still the same element, but their atomic weight goes down by one — so if, say, Beryllium-13 (4 protons and 9 neutrons) decays by shooting off a neutron, it becomes Beryllium-12 (4 protons and 8 neutrons). However, radioactive material can also "decay" in a different way: by losing an electron (which shoots out as a beta particle). When that happens, the electron isn't actually lost from the atom's "normal" set of electrons: instead, a neutron generally "transforms" into a combination of a proton, an electron, and a tiny particle called a neutrino (which I won't mention again since it's not relevant to radiation). The proton stays in the atomic nucleus, and the electron shoots out as beta radiation. (Which is why this decay mode is called "beta decay") But the important thing is that a neutron has just turned into a proton, and this actually changes what the element is! Carbon-14, which I mentioned earlier, usually decays through beta decay rather than neutron decay: it usually has a neutron turn into a proton (and shoots of a beta particle, an electron, in the process). When it goes through beta decay, it goes from 6 protons + 8 neutrons to 7 protons + 7 neutrons. If you look at a periodic table, you'll see that the element with 7 protons is Nitrogen. And since Nitrogen-14 (7 protons + 7 neutrons) is stable, that means that once Carbon-14 goes through beta decay and turns into Nitrogen-14, it's going to stay that way. That nitrogen atom isn't going to become anything else. (At least, not on its own. If a neutron hits it and "sticks", then it'll turn into Nitrogen-15, which is also stable. But if that gets hit with ANOTHER neutron, it'll become Nitrogen-16, with 7 protons and 9 neutrons. That atom usually beta-decays into 8 protons + 8 neutrons, which is Oxygen-16, the most stable (and common) isotope of oxygen).

One more thing: the various isotopes of different elements tend to have different chances per atom of going through some form of decay. The higher the chance, the more atoms will decay per second -- but with each atom that decays, there's less of the radioactive material left (because it's turned into some other material, either a different isotope or a different element) and so on average you'll have to wait just a tiny bit longer for the next atom to decay. This is why people use the term "half-life" about radioactive materials: that's the average time after which about half of the atoms in that material will have decayed. In other words, if you took 1 gram of, say, Iodine-131 (which has a half-life of about 8 days) and stuck in a sealed lead vault, when you opened the vault 8 days later you'd find about half a gram of Iodine-131, and about half a gram of Xenon-131. Wait another 8 days, and you'll see about .25 g of Iodine-131, and about .75 g of Xenon-131. (But since the process is random, you probably won't get exactly those amounts, just approximately those amounts). The shorter the half-life of an isotope, the more of its atoms decay per second, and therefore the more radiation it produces per second. A half-life of 8 days is actually kind of short as these things go: Iodine-131 is way more radioactive than uranium! Uranium-238, the most common isotope, has a half-life of 4.5 billion years! And Uranium-235, the stuff that's used in nuclear weapons, is also not that radioactive. Its half-life is a "mere" 700 million years. The reason there's radiation "left over" after a nuclear bomb, however, is what happens to U-235 when the bomb explodes. When a U-235 bomb goes off, it doesn't actually decay. Rather, a U-235 nucleus gets hit by a neutron and splits into two other nuclei (both of which are radioactive isotopes), plus three neutrons. Those three neutrons go hit other U-235 nuclei, which produce three neutrons each, and you get a chain reaction if there's enough bits U-235 in close proximity to each other. The big problem is those two other nuclei that split. They are both radioactive isotopes with really short half-lives, which decay into other isotopes, and eventually you end up with some isotopes like Iodine-131, which has a half-life of 8 days. A half-life of 8 days means that Iodine-131 will stick around for a while, but it'll also be releasing radiation into the environment around it at a fairly high (and steady) rate, until there's not enough of it left to matter (which can take several 8-day cycles).

And here's the thing about Iodine-131: it's iodine. Which is an element that the human body wants to have. Any iodine you eat gets concentrated in the thyroid. And if enough of it is Iodine-131, then your thyroid is taking a concentrated dose of beta radiation over the next several weeks. Normally, beta radiation tends to hit something within a few millimeters, so if the source of Iodine-131 is outside your skin, then most of it is going to hit the outer layers of your skin (which are dead cells). Some of it will penetrate into live cells, or the subcutaneous fat layer, but usually not enough to matter. But if you've absorbed Iodine-131 into your body (and specifically, your thyroid), then those few millimeters it hits, and the cells it damages, will all be live cells inside your thyroid. And since Iodine-131 is one of the byproducts of a nuclear explosion, that's why Japanese people who lived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (and survived the initial blast by being far enough away) ended up with higher rates of thyroid cancer*: the iodine they ate over the next few months had much larger proportions of Iodine-131 than you normally find in nature**, and so they had a bunch of Iodine-131 in their thyroids. That Iodine-131 gave them much higher doses of radiation than the thyroid normally gets (any radiation found in nature usually ends up either passing straight through, or hitting your skin), and so a lot more of them got thyroid cancer than normal.

* Among many other problems, of course: Iodine-131 isn't the only radioactive isotope that sticks around, it's just the one that I've chosen to focus on because it's relatively easy to understand how it causes cancer.

** The normal amount of Iodine-131 you find in nature is pretty close to zero, since a half-life of eight days is a blink of an eye on a geological scale.

Phew, that was a lot of :science:. But here's the short and pithy summary:

Radiation comes in alpha, beta, gamma and neutron versions. The stuff that damages your cells (and might give you cancer or kill you if you get enough of it) is usually beta or gamma radiation. But beta and gamma radiation usually have no effect on dead materials (dead layers of skin, stone walls, etc). They might give it higher energy, or damage the material by knocking bits of it off or changing its molecular structure, but it won't make the material radioactive. The only things that cause non-living matter to become radioactive are neutron radiation and nuclear fission (which is what happens in nuclear explosions, whether they're deliberate like Hiroshima or accidental like Chernobyl). And the biggest threat to human health isn't usually the radioactive material outside your body (unless you're standing inside the core of a nuclear reactor, in which case the heat has already killed you before the radiation can get to you). It's the radioactive material like Iodine-131 that gets absorbed into your body by breathing, or drinking water, or eating food — and once it's in your body, all of its radiation is going to get absorbed by your living cells, damaging or killing them. (Rather than most of it being stopped by your clothing or the dead layers of your skin cells).

And that's why a radiation gun wouldn't make walls radioactive. Because it would be designed to harm humans, and would therefore probably fire concentrated amounts of gamma radiation (and MAYBE some beta). But gamma radiation doesn't cause non-living matter to become radioactive; only neutron radiation can do that. And a radiation gun that fired lots of neutron radiation would be useless in combat: it would kill you slowly over the next several days or months, but not fast enough to be a useful weapon.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!
So, a few things.

First, in my wall of text about radiation, I forgot one thing. I said I'd explain why scientists call it "ionizing radiation", and then I forgot to explain that later. Well, they call it ionizing radiation because when it hits an atom, it usually turns that atom into an ion. If it's a gamma ray, it usually has enough energy to knock an electron loose from the atom, giving that atom a positive charge (since it just lost an electron, which carries a negative charge). As far as I understand it, that electron usually doesn't fly out at high speeds as a beta particle, but rather just hangs around as an extra electron in whatever material it's in (giving that whole material a slight negative charge, though that usually has a negligible effect). But I could be wrong about that one; anyone with more knowledge of how that particular process works is welcome to correct me. And while I didn't want to get into the chemistry of it too much, here's one way that that could damage cells. Let's say you have some salt dissolved in your blood stream. Salt is NaCl, and when it's dissolved, it's found as Na+ and Cl- — that is, the sodium ion is positive (is missing an electron) and the chlorine ion is negative (has an extra electron). Chlorine ions are relatively stable (in a chemical sense, not in a nuclear sense), because their outer electron shell has a full eight electrons and so they don't have a tendency to bond with other atoms or ions. They have a negative charge, because they have one extra electron (chlorine atoms in their natural, unionized* state have just seven electrons in their outer electron shell), so they make a decent conductor of electricity, but they don't tend to form molecular bonds. But chlorine atoms, with just seven electrons, do tend to "want" an eighth electron to fill out their shell — and they have a tendency to bond with other chlorine atoms, sharing an electron with each other to form what's called a "covalent" bond in chemistry. So if two chlorine ions that are "near" enough to each other (whatever "near" means at this scale) have their extra electron stripped off by gamma radiation, they will tend to bond with each other. And now instead of two ions of Cl-, an electrolyte that is healthy for your body to have (in the right quantities), you now have one molecule of Cl2, or chlorine gas, dissolved in your bloodstream. And Cl2 is toxic.

There are lots of other ways that gamma radiation can harm you, but almost all of them involve a similar process to the one I just outlined. The radiation hits an atom that's part of a helpful molecule, and by changing it into a negative ion, breaks up the helpful molecule (and its subcomponents may be toxic, or interact with other molecules in undesired ways, or whatever). Or the radiation hits an ion that's part of a helpful set of dissolved ions, like the Cl- ion in my example, and turns it into an atom (or turns a singly-charged positive ion into a doubly-charged positive ion by stripping off a second electron) which has different chemical properties and may "want" to form molecules that are harmful to the body.

Basically, gamma radiation messes randomly with the chemistry of your body. And your body's chemistry is actually a pretty complex, finely-tuned operation; randomly messing with the controls of any well-designed chemical plant is not likely to produce good results, and neither is randomly messing with the chemistry of your body.

* That's un-ionized, not union-ized. Although given chlorine's tendency to form a "collective" with other chlorine atoms and turn into a molecule, you could argue for either reading. :-) The fact that chlorine molecules are also toxic in their "collective" state is an interesting part of this analogy, at least if you've ever had up-close-and-personal contact with the kind of union that won't let you plug a power cord into a socket because that's the job of an electrician (and you have to fill out a work request and wait for one to show up).


Second thing is that that entire wall of text is about real-world radiation and how it works. But one thing that real-world radiation definitely does NOT do is create ghouls, or interact with any sort of virus to create super-strong green-skinned giants who engage in cannibalism. (If you consider regular humans to still be the same species as Super Mutants, which is a debatable proposition). So we're not actually dealing with real-world radiation here, we're dealing with Fallout-world radiation, which is basically comic-book radiation. And that means that the radiation rules really are whatever the plot wants them to be. If a radiation gun hits a wall, it wouldn't make the wall radioactive in real life — but in Fallout-world rules, who knows? It's not actually implausible for that to happen if you're going by comic-book rules or Fallout-world rules — it's only implausible (actually, impossible) if you're going by real-world rules.


Third thing I want to say is completely unrelated to :science:. I noticed in the latest stream that you have Archer passing up all kinds of fedoras that enemies had been wearing because they're not in perfect condition: they're either worn, or battered — or worse, some of them are actually trilbies, which are not fedoras at all. But I took a quick look at a Fallout 4 wiki (just on the "hats" page since I don't want to spoil myself on story) and saw that there doesn't seem to be any item called plain "Fedora" in the game. There's an item called "Yellow Fedora", but that wouldn't fit very well with the gray suit you have him wearing. I do think that a Battered Fedora would be a cool look for the character — and you could probably justify it. It's not worn out, it's just got that comfortable, lived-in look. It's up to you, of course, but I'd enjoy seeing you add a fedora to the gray suit and sunglasses.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

RickVoid posted:

Not sure why people are trying to put Archer in a hat. He doesn't wear one. (Outside of Trucker hat, when situationally appropriate)

In my case, because every time I watch Casablanca, I think "I should get a fedora". Then I remember that though it does look good on Humphrey Bogart, it wouldn't look good on me. But it would look good on a Fallout 4 male character.

However, I never saw the actual Archer show, just read about it. So if the "real" Archer doesn't wear a hat, then that's a very good argument for not putting a hat on this one.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!
Just voted for Cait in the companion poll, but I actually want to vote for "Take Piper on missions where you're going to try a peaceful resolution, and take Cait on missions where you're going to want a violent resolution." Because since you're playing as Archer, the only way to go as far as companions is to romance every female companion possible. I don't know if there are any female Super Mutant or female Ghoul companions in Fallout 4, but if there are, I think Archer would try to sleep with them too. And since that means you'll be needing to raise multiple companions' approval scores to whatever level is needed for romance, it just makes sense to bring either Piper or Cait depending on what kind of missions you're about to do, and whether their best resolution is one that Piper or Cait would approve of more.

And go east, young 200-year-old man.

Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!
I don't care about Strong at all, so I'm another vote to ditch him ASAP. I would like to see both the drugs for Fred quest and also the Cabot house quest, but I don't have any opinion about which order to do them in.

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Tax Refund
Apr 15, 2011

The IRS gave me a refund. I spent it on this SA account. What was I thinking?!

That Super Mutant at about 13 minutes in was sneaking up on you "with cat-like tread", wasn't he?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1r_KUjRRxM&t=6s

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