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HEY GUNS
Oct 11, 2012

FOPTIMUS PRIME

Polyakov posted:

Time for some napkin maths!

Human adult male needs about 40mg of Vitamin C a day according to the NHS page on scurvy prevention, realistically sailors can probably get away with a little less than this but lets take that as a typical value for what you would need over a long sea voyage to avoid scurvy.

A rat if you eat the entire thing raw has a nutritional value of around 4.4 mg of Vitamin C per rat, this includes liver and intestines which are the two major sources of vitamin C in a rats body.

Roasting tends to lose 30-40% of the nutritional value of a piece of meat in vitamin terms, its unlikely you get a bunch of sailors to eat raw rats as a part of their usual diet, so lets assume the value of 40%.

This leaves us with a nutritional value of around 2.64 mg of Vitamin C per rat.

Therefore, each sailor needs to eat around 15 rats per day to satisfy the minimum daily requirement, so assuming a crew of say 250 we have a need for 3'750 rats per day. Say its sailing from Portsmouth to India, which was a sail time of around 19 weeks you would need 498'750 rats to supply the crew and fend off scurvy. Average rat is around 200g say, slightly smaller than a modern domestic rat, that is 99'750kg of rats which are consuming initially 20g ish of food a day for an initial total of 9975 kg of food a day and an average of 4988 kg of food a day or a total of 663'337kg of food over the voyage. A tea clipper had a total cargo load of around 500'000kg, a warship would have considerably less so realistically to get to the edges of the Empire you would require several stops to reprovision with rats and rat food.
i :evil: this thread

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Polyakov
Mar 22, 2012


OpenlyEvilJello posted:

I recall reading somewhere that sauerkraut was a superior scurvy preventer due to both vitamin C content and preservability.

Saurkraut was certainly employed, and it has a fairly high vitamin C content at 15mg/100g, as compared to 30mg/100g for limes and 60mg/100g for lemons (not sure on juice but i think its very close to that value). Im not really sure why the RN didnt issue it, they tested it with Captain Cook in the early 1700's and found out that it worked. I would guess that it was because Lind and his successors didnt really study it for whatever reason and so as a result it didnt get brought to the attention of the RN leadership at the time that the decisions were being made.

Hogge Wild
Aug 21, 2012

by FactsAreUseless
Pillbug

Polyakov posted:

Time for some napkin maths!

Human adult male needs about 40mg of Vitamin C a day according to the NHS page on scurvy prevention, realistically sailors can probably get away with a little less than this but lets take that as a typical value for what you would need over a long sea voyage to avoid scurvy.

A rat if you eat the entire thing raw has a nutritional value of around 4.4 mg of Vitamin C per rat, this includes liver and intestines which are the two major sources of vitamin C in a rats body.

Roasting tends to lose 30-40% of the nutritional value of a piece of meat in vitamin terms, its unlikely you get a bunch of sailors to eat raw rats as a part of their usual diet, so lets assume the value of 40%.

This leaves us with a nutritional value of around 2.64 mg of Vitamin C per rat.

Therefore, each sailor needs to eat around 15 rats per day to satisfy the minimum daily requirement, so assuming a crew of say 250 we have a need for 3'750 rats per day. Say its sailing from Portsmouth to India, which was a sail time of around 19 weeks you would need 498'750 rats to supply the crew and fend off scurvy. Average rat is around 200g say, slightly smaller than a modern domestic rat, that is 99'750kg of rats which are consuming initially 20g ish of food a day for an initial total of 9975 kg of food a day and an average of 4988 kg of food a day or a total of 663'337kg of food over the voyage. A tea clipper had a total cargo load of around 500'000kg, a warship would have considerably less so realistically to get to the edges of the Empire you would require several stops to reprovision with rats and rat food.

haha thanks!

HEY GAIL posted:

i :evil: this thread

While it would't be hard to find rats in ports, how about breeding rats on a ship?

FAUXTON
Jun 2, 2005

spero che tu stia bene

Polyakov posted:

Time for some napkin maths!

Human adult male needs about 40mg of Vitamin C a day according to the NHS page on scurvy prevention, realistically sailors can probably get away with a little less than this but lets take that as a typical value for what you would need over a long sea voyage to avoid scurvy.

A rat if you eat the entire thing raw has a nutritional value of around 4.4 mg of Vitamin C per rat, this includes liver and intestines which are the two major sources of vitamin C in a rats body.

Roasting tends to lose 30-40% of the nutritional value of a piece of meat in vitamin terms, its unlikely you get a bunch of sailors to eat raw rats as a part of their usual diet, so lets assume the value of 40%.

This leaves us with a nutritional value of around 2.64 mg of Vitamin C per rat.

Therefore, each sailor needs to eat around 15 rats per day to satisfy the minimum daily requirement, so assuming a crew of say 250 we have a need for 3'750 rats per day. Say its sailing from Portsmouth to India, which was a sail time of around 19 weeks you would need 498'750 rats to supply the crew and fend off scurvy. Average rat is around 200g say, slightly smaller than a modern domestic rat, that is 99'750kg of rats which are consuming initially 20g ish of food a day for an initial total of 9975 kg of food a day and an average of 4988 kg of food a day or a total of 663'337kg of food over the voyage. A tea clipper had a total cargo load of around 500'000kg, a warship would have considerably less so realistically to get to the edges of the Empire you would require several stops to reprovision with rats and rat food.

In which the poster should have started with "It's time for some small game theory."

OwlFancier
Aug 22, 2013

Hogge Wild posted:

While it would't be hard to find rats in ports, how about breeding rats on a ship?

You would need a greater mass of feed because the rat-matter has to come from somewhere.

HEY GUNS
Oct 11, 2012

FOPTIMUS PRIME

Hogge Wild posted:

While it would't be hard to find rats in ports, how about breeding rats on a ship?
considering the quantity of food and weight of rats, i think it would only be feasible if you were traveling in convoy--one ship could be dedicated to rat husbandry

Polyakov
Mar 22, 2012


HEY GAIL posted:

considering the quantity of food and weight of rats, i think it would only be feasible if you were traveling in convoy--one ship could be dedicated to rat husbandry

Rats can swim fairly well, just rotate them in and out of the water, they will mainly burn fat or muscle mass but the rich vitamin C parts of the rat, namely liver and intestines should lose minimal weight.

HEY GUNS
Oct 11, 2012

FOPTIMUS PRIME

Polyakov posted:

Rats can swim fairly well, just rotate them in and out of the water, they will mainly burn fat or muscle mass but the rich vitamin C parts of the rat, namely liver and intestines should lose minimal weight.
then you still have to think about the winch to spool the dragnet and the crewmen to turn it

Nebakenezzer
Sep 13, 2005

The Mote in God's Eye

OpenlyEvilJello posted:

I recall reading somewhere that sauerkraut was a superior scurvy preventer due to both vitamin C content and preservability.

It's why we call 'em limeys and krauts

IE Their sailors ate limes or sauerkraut

Hunt11
Jul 24, 2013

Grimey Drawer

Polyakov posted:

Time for some napkin maths!

Human adult male needs about 40mg of Vitamin C a day according to the NHS page on scurvy prevention, realistically sailors can probably get away with a little less than this but lets take that as a typical value for what you would need over a long sea voyage to avoid scurvy.

A rat if you eat the entire thing raw has a nutritional value of around 4.4 mg of Vitamin C per rat, this includes liver and intestines which are the two major sources of vitamin C in a rats body.

Roasting tends to lose 30-40% of the nutritional value of a piece of meat in vitamin terms, its unlikely you get a bunch of sailors to eat raw rats as a part of their usual diet, so lets assume the value of 40%.

This leaves us with a nutritional value of around 2.64 mg of Vitamin C per rat.

Therefore, each sailor needs to eat around 15 rats per day to satisfy the minimum daily requirement, so assuming a crew of say 250 we have a need for 3'750 rats per day. Say its sailing from Portsmouth to India, which was a sail time of around 19 weeks you would need 498'750 rats to supply the crew and fend off scurvy. Average rat is around 200g say, slightly smaller than a modern domestic rat, that is 99'750kg of rats which are consuming initially 20g ish of food a day for an initial total of 9975 kg of food a day and an average of 4988 kg of food a day or a total of 663'337kg of food over the voyage. A tea clipper had a total cargo load of around 500'000kg, a warship would have considerably less so realistically to get to the edges of the Empire you would require several stops to reprovision with rats and rat food.

:perfect:

champagne posting
Apr 5, 2006

YOU ARE A BRAIN
IN A BUNKER

Nebakenezzer posted:

It's why we call 'em limeys and krauts

IE Their sailors ate limes or sauerkraut

This also explains why you'd call Korean sailors Kims

Phobophilia
Apr 26, 2008

by Hand Knit

Polyakov posted:

Saurkraut was certainly employed, and it has a fairly high vitamin C content at 15mg/100g, as compared to 30mg/100g for limes and 60mg/100g for lemons (not sure on juice but i think its very close to that value). Im not really sure why the RN didnt issue it, they tested it with Captain Cook in the early 1700's and found out that it worked. I would guess that it was because Lind and his successors didnt really study it for whatever reason and so as a result it didnt get brought to the attention of the RN leadership at the time that the decisions were being made.

i bet it's just not invented here syndrome

The Lone Badger
Sep 24, 2007

Phobophilia posted:

i bet it's just not invented here syndrome

Cook did discuss the strategies he used to get the sailors to eat their sauerkraut.

SeanBeansShako
Nov 20, 2009

Now the Drums beat up again,
For all true Soldier Gentlemen.
I expect it is easier to just maintain a small supply of lime growing trees on a larger vessel than it is to make the stuff too.

OwlFancier
Aug 22, 2013

One Weird Trick discovered by a Sea Captain to secure a supply of citrus on long voyages. The First Sea Lord hates him!

OwlFancier fucked around with this message at 01:39 on May 22, 2017

gradenko_2000
Oct 5, 2010

HELL SERPENT
Lipstick Apathy
Is the Russian KAB GLONASS system for making precision-guided munitions a "conversion kit" that can be strapped to dumb bombs, similar to JDAMs? The CMANO DB only lists the Su-34 Fullback as being capable of carrying it, but that seems way too limited.

Ensign Expendable
Nov 11, 2008

Lager beer is proof that god loves us
Pillbug
It's Russia, so you can strap anything to anything given sufficient Soviet blue electrical tape.

Mycroft Holmes
Mar 26, 2010

by Azathoth

Ensign Expendable posted:

It's Russia, so you can strap anything to anything given sufficient Soviet blue electrical tape and alcohol.

:ussr:

Ensign Expendable
Nov 11, 2008

Lager beer is proof that god loves us
Pillbug
С кувалдой и какой-то матерью

sullat
Jan 9, 2012

Ensign Expendable posted:

It's Russia, so you can strap anything to anything given sufficient Soviet blue red electrical tape.

Fixed that for you, comrade.

Friar Zucchini
Aug 6, 2010

Boiled Water posted:

This also explains why you'd call Korean sailors Kims
Unfortunately for those trying to make a racist joke, it's probably just the dude's name:

http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/09/economist-explains-5

The Lone Badger
Sep 24, 2007

SeanBeansShako posted:

I expect it is easier to just maintain a small supply of lime growing trees on a larger vessel than it is to make the stuff too.

Wouldn't the salt spray kill them?

champagne posting
Apr 5, 2006

YOU ARE A BRAIN
IN A BUNKER

Friar Zucchini posted:

Unfortunately for those trying to make a racist joke, it's probably just the dude's name:

http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/09/economist-explains-5

No as in kimchi since like sauerkraut it contains vitamin c aplenty and :downsgun:

feedmegin
Jul 30, 2008

Hazzard posted:

Speaking of. I saw the first couple of episodes of the Roots remake recently. Does that accurately get across being a slave? I imagined it to show the slaves being treated better than most were, almost sanitised after the inital whipping scene.

I suggest you finish watching the series. ;p

It's going to depend on the particular plantation and its owner/overseers. Generally speaking, slaves aren't going to be getting whipped 24/7, because they are valuable property their owners don't want to damage. They are going to be working very long hours, though, and if they step out of line in any way or don't make quota then things are probably going to get brutal. Also, as you'll see watching the series, they run the risk of their sons/daughters/wives/husbands being sold off somewhere else without their consent. Also also, rape.

I do have a bit of a nitpick with the new Roots, mind you; there's a bit where a British aristocrat comes in, buys Chicken George off his US owner, and carts him off by force to the UK and keeps him there for like a decade. This isn't in the original, where George goes voluntarily, and the nitpick is that this happens in the 1850s, long after slavery had been abolished throughout the British Empire, when people who cared one way or the other about slavery in the UK were generally pretty abolitionist. In the real world, all that George had to do was go find a local policeman and there would have been a loving massive scandal in the papers, a disgraced aristocrat and a free ticket home.

Chillbro Baggins
Oct 8, 2004
Bad Angus! Bad!
76 years ago today, Bismarck left Norway having made the fatal mistake not to top up her fuel, and HMS Hood left Scapa Flow having made the fatal mistake of being a British battlecruiser.

Bismarck, two days later:


The last photo of Hood:


Those guns in the foreground are HMS Prince of Wales, which I only just learned went on to be the first capital ship to be sunk solely by aircraft in open water, three days after all those American battleships were sunk by aircraft at anchor. December 1941 was a bad month for battleships.

Edit: Hood was on the drawing board in 1916, and the lessons learned at Jutland were incorporated in her design. Yeah, they solved that problem, didn't they? :v:

Chillbro Baggins fucked around with this message at 11:29 on May 22, 2017

Fangz
Jul 5, 2007

Oh I see! This must be the Bad Opinion Zone!

Delivery McGee posted:

Edit: Hood was on the drawing board in 1916, and the lessons learned at Jutland were incorporated in her design. Yeah, they solved that problem, didn't they? :v:

Well, the Hood probably sunk for a different reason than the battlecruisers at Jutland did, at least.

Nothingtoseehere
Nov 11, 2010


feedmegin posted:

I suggest you finish watching the series. ;p

It's going to depend on the particular plantation and its owner/overseers. Generally speaking, slaves aren't going to be getting whipped 24/7, because they are valuable property their owners don't want to damage. They are going to be working very long hours, though, and if they step out of line in any way or don't make quota then things are probably going to get brutal. Also, as you'll see watching the series, they run the risk of their sons/daughters/wives/husbands being sold off somewhere else without their consent. Also also, rape.

I do have a bit of a nitpick with the new Roots, mind you; there's a bit where a British aristocrat comes in, buys Chicken George off his US owner, and carts him off by force to the UK and keeps him there for like a decade. This isn't in the original, where George goes voluntarily, and the nitpick is that this happens in the 1850s, long after slavery had been abolished throughout the British Empire, when people who cared one way or the other about slavery in the UK were generally pretty abolitionist. In the real world, all that George had to do was go find a local policeman and there would have been a loving massive scandal in the papers, a disgraced aristocrat and a free ticket home.

Wasn't there a odd period in the late 18th/early 19th century in that while Slavery had been declared non-existent in law on the British Isles themselves, but it was still fine in the colonies? (because who cares about me he rule of law over there)

BattleMoose
Jun 16, 2010
Extra credits is currently producing their "type thing" on the Bismark in case anyone is interested. They actually got someone knowledgeable to talk about how and why Hood's deck armor, was the way that it was.

Chillbro Baggins
Oct 8, 2004
Bad Angus! Bad!

Fangz posted:

Well, the Hood probably sunk for a different reason than the battlecruisers at Jutland did, at least.

Yeah, they fixed all the design flaws and then got sloppy with powder handling between the wars.

The main problem with British battlecruisers is that they got into fair fights, when the entire point of the type is to be massively unfair -- they were meant to outgun anything with less armour, and outrun anything that could put up a fight. Battlecruiser design, sacrificing armour for speed, was meant to pick on the little guys and nope the gently caress out when a battleship appeared. Get in a fight with other battlecruisers, it's like tanks -- first to shoot wins. Get in a fight with a properly-armoured battleship ... And then they sent Hood to go after a proper battleship (which Hitler had sent on a suicide mission to do a u-boat's cruiser's job as a commerce raider. In retrospect, it almost looks like the whole Bismarck thing was orchestrated to assassinate Lütjens, but Hitler wasn't that smart).

BattleMoose posted:

Extra credits is currently producing their "type thing" on the Bismark in case anyone is interested. They actually got someone knowledgeable to talk about how and why Hood's deck armor, was the way that it was.

The deck armor didn't really play into it, the killing blow came through the side.

wikipedia posted:

In Jurens's opinion, the popular image of plunging shells penetrating Hood's deck armour is inaccurate, as by his estimation the angle of fall of Bismarck's 15-inch shells at the moment of the loss would not have exceeded about 14°, an angle so unfavourable to penetration of horizontal armour that it is actually off the scale of contemporaneous German penetration charts. Moreover, computer-generated profiles of Hood show that a shell falling at this angle could not have reached an aft magazine without first passing through some part of the belt armour. On the other hand, the 12-inch belt could have been penetrated, if Hood had progressed sufficiently far into her final turn

In the same battle, King George V took a hit that went through 80 feet of water, holed the ship 28 feet below the waterline, and booped the torpedo bulkhead after going through several lesser walls. Luckily the shell was a dud.

If nothing else, I think we can all agree that naval artillery is a thing you do not want to be on the receiving end of. Whether it's Nelson, Jellicoe, or Halsey, a line of battleships is a bad day for the enemy.

Chillbro Baggins fucked around with this message at 13:12 on May 22, 2017

feedmegin
Jul 30, 2008

nothing to seehere posted:

Wasn't there a odd period in the late 18th/early 19th century in that while Slavery had been declared non-existent in law on the British Isles themselves, but it was still fine in the colonies? (because who cares about me he rule of law over there)

Kinda. Slavery has never been explicitly legal in the UK (well, not since the Romans and Anglo-Saxons). There was a legal decision in the 18th century that set precedent that slavery was explicitly illegal in England and Wales -

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_v_Stewart

- though I'd not want to rely solely on that if I were a black dude in England at the time.

Bear in mind that the colonies did always have a different legal system to the UK proper. Colonies aren't 'the greater UK' in the way that French overseas departements are part of France now, they were their own thing with their own legal system that before abolition did explicitly recognise the legality of slavery.

Safety Biscuits
Oct 21, 2010

nothing to seehere posted:

Wasn't there a odd period in the late 18th/early 19th century in that while Slavery had been declared non-existent in law on the British Isles themselves, but it was still fine in the colonies? (because who cares about me he rule of law over there)

From 1807 to 1834, so it's still anachronistic.

feedmegin
Jul 30, 2008

Safety Biscuits posted:

From 1807 to 1834, so it's still anachronistic.

Nope. 1807 was the abolition of the British slave trade from Africa to the New World (colonies and USA both), 1834 was abolition of slavery within the British Empire's colonies. Neither covered slavery in Britain itself.

bewbies
Sep 23, 2003

Fun Shoe

Hazzard posted:

Speaking of. I saw the first couple of episodes of the Roots remake recently. Does that accurately get across being a slave? I imagined it to show the slaves being treated better than most were, almost sanitised after the inital whipping scene.

Chattel slavery in North America was an absolutely massive institution, so there isn't really an "accurate" depiction as such...it ran a huge spectrum.

I like the way one of my professors explained it once a long time ago: slaves were treated much like how we treat our cars today, which makes a lot of sense if you think about it. They were high dollar items that were very important to lifestyle and economy, but they were also the source of serious headaches and expenses. Some were badly abused and neglected, and much like cars that are abused and neglected, they did not perform optimally from an economic perspective. Again, much like our cars, most were treated as well as was necessary to get adequate performance out of them. This meant a life of pretty minimal comfort/luxury, barely adequate food, punishment designed to keep them fit for work as much as possible. A small minority were well, or very well treated (relatively speaking of course).

In general, the larger the operation, the worse the treatment was - huge plantations were far worse for most of their slaves than were small family operations. As time went on and power/wealth concentrated at the huge plantations, average quality of life for slaves got a lot worse.

Safety Biscuits
Oct 21, 2010

feedmegin posted:

Nope. 1807 was the abolition of the British slave trade from Africa to the New World (colonies and USA both), 1834 was abolition of slavery within the British Empire's colonies. Neither covered slavery in Britain itself.

You're right, thanks for the correction. Apparently slavery was never formally abolished in either England or Scotland, but the Somersett case in 1772 was either its de facto end or led to the emancipation of slaves in England; I'm not sure which.

E: point being that for a while slavery was illegal in England and Scotland but legal in the rest of the Empire.

feedmegin
Jul 30, 2008

Safety Biscuits posted:

You're right, thanks for the correction. Apparently slavery was never formally abolished in either England or Scotland, but the Somersett case in 1772 was either its de facto end or led to the emancipation of slaves in England; I'm not sure which.

E: point being that for a while slavery was illegal in England and Scotland but legal in the rest of the Empire.

Ummmm yes if you look like three posts up you'll see me linking that specifc case. Slavery was never formally established in the UK (post the norman conquest, obviously there were slaves in Roman Britain); so there wasn't much in the way of slaves to be de facto freed or emancipated. Also, Somerset applied as precedent in England and Wales, but not Scotland; Scotland has always had its own separate legal system.

Nothingtoseehere
Nov 11, 2010


Looking at the wiki page, Somerset was also quite narrow in his judgement (even if publically it was taken as a ban on slavery in England). He only said that slaves couldn't be deported to the colonies without consent, and later ruled being enslaved didn't count as being "hired" for Poor Law relief.

SlothfulCobra
Mar 27, 2011

The one thing that I remember about Roots that I doubt is their depiction of how the actual enslavement happened. I thought the process was people being grabbed in wars between African nations and then sold onto boats, not just sailors hopping off a boat and throwing a net over anyone hanging around the beach. Am I wrong about that?

OwlFancier
Aug 22, 2013

Pretty sure IRL if you run a horse into a bunch of dudes you end up with a busted horse and you going at horse speed without a horse under you.

zoux
Apr 28, 2006

SlothfulCobra posted:

, not just sailors hopping off a boat and throwing a net over anyone hanging around the beach. Am I wrong about that?

That's Planet of the Apes

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feedmegin
Jul 30, 2008

SlothfulCobra posted:

The one thing that I remember about Roots that I doubt is their depiction of how the actual enslavement happened. I thought the process was people being grabbed in wars between African nations and then sold onto boats, not just sailors hopping off a boat and throwing a net over anyone hanging around the beach. Am I wrong about that?

The new Roots gets this right, you're thinking of the original. (and no, you are not wrong)

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