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Don Gato
Apr 28, 2013

Actually a bipedal cat.
Grimey Drawer
You say that but on the other hand maybe the palace smelling like tanning leather is also part of the intimidation factor. Let visiting dignitaries know exactly what will happen to them if they step out of line. Same as the sculptures of kings one handed choke-slamming lions into the sand.

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FreudianSlippers
Apr 12, 2010

Shooting and Fucking
are the same thing!

Tanning is a gross and smelly process but the end result is more pleasing than raw flesh.

Crab Dad
Dec 28, 2002

behold i have tempered and refined thee, but not as silver; as CRAB


Maybe the kings palace was just behind the tanning factory? I suppose human leather is just as good as lamb skin for stuff who knows I’m not Buffalo Bill.

Elissimpark
May 20, 2010

Bring me the head of Auguste Escoffier.

Bar Ran Dun posted:

Tanning is super duper gross. Brain, liver, fat, salt rubbing gross.

Modern tanning is even grosser. “Wet Salted Hides” are shipped internationally by vessel unrefrigerated. The 40’ containers leak rotting salted blood.

You're forgetting the periods inbetween with piss, poo poo and probably anthrax. Usually on the major water course through a large city, too.

Crab Dad posted:

Maybe the kings palace was just behind the tanning factory? I suppose human leather is just as good as lamb skin for stuff who knows I’m not Buffalo Bill.

Apparently human leather is tricky to make. I need to find the source, but I'm pretty sure I've read our skin is a bit delicate for good leather making.

Comstar
Apr 20, 2007

Are you happy now?

Elissimpark posted:

Apparently human leather is tricky to make. I need to find the source, but I'm pretty sure I've read our skin is a bit delicate for good leather making.

I am sure they were very good at it. Or the poor guy in charge of it if he was not very good at it, would shortly learn the practical side of the theory by his replacement.

The Lone Badger
Sep 24, 2007

I don't think human skin is particularly difficult to tan, it's just that it's thin and low-strength even after tanning. It makes poor leathergoods. But if all you want to do is stretch it on a display rack then that's easy.

Big Willy Style
Feb 11, 2007

How many Astartes do you know that roll like this?
how does it go for making parchment?

Carillon
May 9, 2014






Big Willy Style posted:

how does it go for making parchment?

The Something Awful Forums > Discussion > Ask/Tell > Roman/ancient history: How does human skin go for making parchment?

Crab Dad
Dec 28, 2002

behold i have tempered and refined thee, but not as silver; as CRAB


Wandering through Rijeka trying to find the old romans ruins.





Well still kinda cool I guess.

Elissimpark
May 20, 2010

Bring me the head of Auguste Escoffier.

Big Willy Style posted:

how does it go for making parchment?

Dunno, but it gets used to bind books, time to time. There was a bit of a fad during the Reign of Terror.

Anthropodermic bibliopegy, what a wonderful phrase!

Alhazred
Feb 16, 2011




Elissimpark posted:

There was a bit of a fad during the Reign of Terror.


There was a surplus of extra skin I guess.

CommonShore
Jun 6, 2014

A true renaissance man


Elissimpark posted:

Dunno, but it gets used to bind books, time to time. There was a bit of a fad during the Reign of Terror.

Anthropodermic bibliopegy, what a wonderful phrase!

Bookbinding can be done with much softer leather eg. Morocco because it's just covering the boards

Beamed
Nov 26, 2010

Then you have a responsibility that no man has ever faced. You have your fear which could become reality, and you have Godzilla, which is reality.


Lawman 0 posted:

Haha what he immediately died?

It's very cool. Dude basically moved the capital to Rome, almost immediately there were a bunch of Roman aristocrats who threw him out, so he ran off to northern Italy, chilled there for a bit, and when he was marching to retake his new capital, he croaked of some weird illness. By all accounts (most?) he was pretty capable and was only 21, so it's another fun what-if on what the early HRE was trying to accomplish.

PittTheElder
Feb 13, 2012

:geno: Yes, it's like a lava lamp.

Yeah contemporary sources say he got wrecked by malaria, which is entirely plausible for a medieval person going to Italy for the first time.

Deteriorata
Feb 6, 2005

Egyptologists translate the oldest-known mummification manual



quote:

Egyptologists have recently translated the oldest-known mummification manual. Translating it required solving a literal puzzle; the medical text that includes the manual is currently in pieces, with half of what remains in the Louvre Museum in France and half at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. A few sections are completely missing, but what’s left is a treatise on medicinal herbs and skin diseases, especially the ones that cause swelling. Surprisingly, one section of that text includes a short manual on embalming.

For the text’s ancient audience, that combination might have made sense. The manual includes recipes for resins and unguents used to dry and preserve the body after death, along with explanations for how and when to use bandages of different shapes and materials. Those recipes probably used some of the same ingredients as ointments for living skin, because plants with antimicrobial compounds would have been useful for preventing both infection and decay.
New Kingdom embalming: More complicated than it used to be

The Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg, as the ancient medical text is now called, is the oldest mummification manual known so far, and it’s one of just three that Egyptologists have ever found. Based on the style of the characters used to write the text, it probably dates to about 1450 BCE, which makes it more than 1,000 years older than the other two known mummification texts. But the embalming compounds it describes are remarkably similar to the ones embalmers used 2,000 years earlier in pre-Dynastic Egypt: a mixture of plant oil, an aromatic plant extract, a gum or sugar, and heated conifer resin.

Although the basic principles of embalming survived for thousands of years in Egypt, the details varied over time. By the New Kingdom, when the Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg was written, the art of mummification had evolved into an extremely complicated 70-day-long process that might have bemused or even shocked its pre-Dynastic practitioners. And this short manual seems to be written for people who already had a working knowledge of embalming and just needed a handy reference.

“The text reads like a memory aid, so the intended readers must have been specialists who needed to be reminded of these details,” said University of Copenhagen Egyptologist Sofie Schiřdt, who recently translated and edited the manual. Some of the most basic steps—like using natron to dry out the body—were skipped entirely, maybe because they would have been so obvious to working embalmers.

On the other hand, the manual includes detailed instructions for embalming techniques that aren’t included in the other two known texts. It lists ingredients for a liquid mixture—mostly aromatic plant substances like resin, along with some binding agents—which is supposed to coat a piece of red linen placed on the dead person’s face. Mummified remains from the same time period have cloth and resin covering their faces in a way that seems to match the description.
Royal treatment

“This process was repeated at four-day intervals,” said Schiřdt. In fact, the manual divides the whole embalming process into four-day intervals, with two extra days for rituals afterward. After the first flurry of activity, when embalmers spent a solid four days of work cleaning the body and removing the organs, most of the actual work of embalming happened only every fourth day, with lots of waiting in between. The deceased spent most of that time lying covered in cloth piled with layers of straw and aromatic, insect-repelling plants.

For the first half of the process, the embalmers’ goal was to dry the body with natron, which would have been packed around the outside of the corpse and inside the body cavities. The second half included wrapping the body in bandages, resins, and unguents meant to help prevent decay.

The manual calls for a ritual procession of the mummy every four days to celebrate “restoring the deceased’s corporeal integrity,” as Schiřdt put it. That’s a total of 17 processions spread over 68 days, with two solid days of rituals at the end. Of course, most Egyptians didn’t get such elaborate preparation for the afterlife. The full 70-day process described in the Papyrus Louvre-Carlsberg would have been mostly reserved for royalty or extremely wealthy nobles and officials.

A full translation of the papyrus is scheduled for publication in 2022.

CrypticFox
Dec 19, 2019

"You are one of the most incompetent of tablet writers"
We were talking about mortality in the Roman army a week or two ago, archaeologists in Bulgaria recently discovered a marble gravestone that shows a man who served 44 years in the Roman army.

https://twitter.com/archaeologymag/status/1368244992439853067

The Lone Badger
Sep 24, 2007

CrypticFox posted:

We were talking about mortality in the Roman army a week or two ago, archaeologists in Bulgaria recently discovered a marble gravestone that shows a man who served 44 years in the Roman army.

https://twitter.com/archaeologymag/status/1368244992439853067

Probably one if those supply sergeants that just seem to fossilise into the role.

feedmegin
Jul 30, 2008

Elissimpark posted:

Dunno, but it gets used to bind books, time to time. There was a bit of a fad during the Reign of Terror.

You might uh need to be a bit more specific, lots of reigns of terror in history :shobon:

Kaal
May 22, 2002

through thousands of posts in D&D over a decade, I now believe I know what I'm talking about. if I post forcefully and confidently, I can convince others that is true. no one sees through my facade.

feedmegin posted:

You might uh need to be a bit more specific, lots of reigns of terror in history :shobon:

That's the French Reign of Terror.

FreudianSlippers
Apr 12, 2010

Shooting and Fucking
are the same thing!

It's only a Reign of Terror if it's from the Terreur region of France otherwise it's just sparkling massacres.

Edgar Allen Ho
Apr 3, 2017

by sebmojo
I meant to ask this back when the roman army thing was in this thread and the latin equivalent of a medical discharge came up- if you failed to serve out your full 25 years as a legionary because, say, a dacian cut off your legs, did you get any sort of pension or did you just get hosed like what happened in later Europe?

Mr. Nice!
Oct 13, 2005

bone shaking.
soul baking.

The Lone Badger posted:

Probably one if those supply sergeants that just seem to fossilise into the role.

The original Rickover.

FreudianSlippers
Apr 12, 2010

Shooting and Fucking
are the same thing!

Did the Romans have civilian military contractors?
Will archeologists someday discover the impossibly baffling ruins of the Domus Grover?

Beamed
Nov 26, 2010

Then you have a responsibility that no man has ever faced. You have your fear which could become reality, and you have Godzilla, which is reality.


load-bearing papyrus

Edgar Allen Ho
Apr 3, 2017

by sebmojo
Centurio stipendium gradu est mihi

mycomancy
Oct 16, 2016

Beamed posted:

load-bearing papyrus

Thread title please

Crab Dad
Dec 28, 2002

behold i have tempered and refined thee, but not as silver; as CRAB


FreudianSlippers posted:

Did the Romans have civilian military contractors?
Will archeologists someday discover the impossibly baffling ruins of the Domus Grover?

Slaves?

Well What Now
Nov 10, 2016

by Fluffdaddy
Shredded Hen
Roman garrisons contracted local farmers for meat and produce.

Kaal
May 22, 2002

through thousands of posts in D&D over a decade, I now believe I know what I'm talking about. if I post forcefully and confidently, I can convince others that is true. no one sees through my facade.

Well What Now posted:

Roman garrisons contracted local farmers for meat and produce.

Yeah there were big parts of their military logistics chains that were privately contracted.

Grand Fromage
Jan 30, 2006

L-l-look at you bar-bartender, a-a pa-pathetic creature of meat and bone, un-underestimating my l-l-liver's ability to metab-meTABolize t-toxins. How can you p-poison a perfect, immortal alcohOLIC?


Edgar Allen Ho posted:

I meant to ask this back when the roman army thing was in this thread and the latin equivalent of a medical discharge came up- if you failed to serve out your full 25 years as a legionary because, say, a dacian cut off your legs, did you get any sort of pension or did you just get hosed like what happened in later Europe?

Yes. This was called missio causaria. You had to be medically certified as too injured to continue serving, and you received a prorated pension depending on your length of service. But it was considered honorable discharge.

Fuschia tude
Dec 26, 2004

THUNDERDOME LOSER 2019

How well established was contract law in Rome? Could parties enforce terms of a private contract in the courts? Who determined who was a slave if, say, slave and owner disagreed?

They didn't sell stocks (as far as I know), which were how some medieval merchant vessel routes were funded, and many of the colonies in the Americas were also founded as joint stock companies, which I assume was mostly a scaling up of the former agreement to cover a big swathe of land and a lot more investors. But I've seen some people claim Societas Publicanorum were an early movement in that direction.

Grand Fromage
Jan 30, 2006

L-l-look at you bar-bartender, a-a pa-pathetic creature of meat and bone, un-underestimating my l-l-liver's ability to metab-meTABolize t-toxins. How can you p-poison a perfect, immortal alcohOLIC?


Fuschia tude posted:

How well established was contract law in Rome? Could parties enforce terms of a private contract in the courts? Who determined who was a slave if, say, slave and owner disagreed?

They didn't sell stocks (as far as I know), which were how some medieval merchant vessel routes were funded, and many of the colonies in the Americas were also founded as joint stock companies, which I assume was mostly a scaling up of the former agreement to cover a big swathe of land and a lot more investors. But I've seen some people claim Societas Publicanorum were an early movement in that direction.

They did sort of have stocks. A lot of merchant trips would be funded by a bunch of people buying the equivalent of a share and getting paid out at the end. I've seen people saying that the Roman version is totally different from a joint stock company but never an explanation why, to my non-economist eyes the only difference is joint stock companies were permanent but Roman ones usually (but not always) just formed for a single job and then disbanded.

Romans did have a shitload of contract law and it filled a lot of court time. I don't know it in detail but the Code of Justinian is available online: https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Anglica/codjust_Scott.htm

Just skimming through the subjects there's a lot about slave ownership and property in there, and since the code was compiled from the precedents that Roman law revolved around, you can assume those sorts of cases came up a lot.

aphid_licker
Jan 7, 2009


Grand Fromage posted:

Yes. This was called missio causaria. You had to be medically certified as too injured to continue serving, and you received a prorated pension depending on your length of service. But it was considered honorable discharge.

Wait, so a young legionary who takes an arrow to the knee in his first battle is kinda screwed because he doesn't have much length of service? That's an oof.

Grand Fromage
Jan 30, 2006

L-l-look at you bar-bartender, a-a pa-pathetic creature of meat and bone, un-underestimating my l-l-liver's ability to metab-meTABolize t-toxins. How can you p-poison a perfect, immortal alcohOLIC?


aphid_licker posted:

Wait, so a young legionary who takes an arrow to the knee in his first battle is kinda screwed because he doesn't have much length of service? That's an oof.

Quite possibly. I don't know if there was a minimum pension for medical discharge, far as I can tell we don't have a ton of information about it.

Libluini
May 18, 2012

I gravitated towards the Greens, eventually even joining the party itself.

The Linke is a party I grudgingly accept exists, but I've learned enough about DDR-history I can't bring myself to trust a party that was once the SED, a party leading the corrupt state apparatus ...
Grimey Drawer

Grand Fromage posted:

Quite possibly. I don't know if there was a minimum pension for medical discharge, far as I can tell we don't have a ton of information about it.

It's probably one of these things people at the time considered to be really obvious, so not many people bothered writing it down.

FuturePastNow
May 19, 2014


Well What Now posted:

Roman garrisons contracted local farmers for meat and produce.

What happened if a local farmer said no?

cheetah7071
Oct 20, 2010

honk honk
College Slice
I think under normal circumstances, soldiers were paid money with which to buy food, rather than being given rations directly. And there were always a horde of merchants looking to part those soldiers from their money. There's a passage in Caesar during his African campaign where he talks about the lengths he went to to make sure the food merchants sold to his army instead of his enemy's army.

skasion
Feb 13, 2012

Why don't you perform zazen, facing a wall?

FuturePastNow posted:

What happened if a local farmer said no?

they probably kicked his rear end op. There are basically constant stream of complaints, petitions and legislation about soldiers abusing normal people because they wanted to. The Greek word used for the practice of soldiers seeking free poo poo with menaces is “diaseismos”, literally “shaking down”. It was so obvious a “solution” that it could be invoked as a commonplace.

Epictetus posted:

You ought to treat your whole body like a poor loaded-down donkey, as long as it is possible, as long as it is allowed; and if it be commandeered and a soldier lay hold of it, let it go, do not resist nor grumble. If you do, you will get a beating and lose your little donkey just the same.

This is also the implicit context of Jesus telling people to go the extra mile.

skasion fucked around with this message at 22:11 on Mar 9, 2021

Weka
May 5, 2019

That child totally had it coming. Nobody should be able to be out at dusk except cars.
I understand the Neo-Assyrian empire was the first major user of iron weapons. It was also the bigger than any previous empire, with the only others in the same ballpark being the Shang, the Hyksos and New Kingdom Egypt, which was just unified Egypt and the Levant coast. I can't help but think their unification of so many different previous empires was a result of being able to equip so many more soldiers because of this use of iron.

Also dry rawhide isn't particularly smelly.

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Nessus
Dec 22, 2003

After a Speaker vote, you may be entitled to a valuable coupon or voucher!



Weka posted:

I understand the Neo-Assyrian empire was the first major user of iron weapons. It was also the bigger than any previous empire, with the only others in the same ballpark being the Shang, the Hyksos and New Kingdom Egypt, which was just unified Egypt and the Levant coast. I can't help but think their unification of so many different previous empires was a result of being able to equip so many more soldiers because of this use of iron.

Also dry rawhide isn't particularly smelly.
Seems accurate. My understanding is that early iron isn't better than bronze but it is way easier to find and mass produce once you know the trick and set up your industries. I imagine it sucked rear end for the highly skilled bronze-equipped guys.

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