(Thread IKs:
dead gay comedy forums)
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The Voice of Labor posted:what have I ever been wrong about? I mean, like, relevant to the thread looking forward to this
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 14:56 |
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# ? Jun 6, 2024 19:44 |
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vyelkin posted:because of the modern trend to commodify the environment so that capitalism can assess its value. I feel like periodically I see some article about how some government or other hired an expensive consulting firm to appraise the monetary value of some environmental item: a forest, a river, a national park, etc. It always rubs me the wrong way because these are items that have intrinsic value that is not tied to money, but capitalism can only understand that value by assessing the exchange value of the environment: how much would someone have to pay them for it to be worthwhile to clearcut this forest or pollute this river or drill for oil in the middle of this national park. In that paradigm the use value of a clean environment is meaningless unless the people making decisions about it can be quantified through its exchange value by figuring out the cost-benefit analysis of destroying that environment in the pursuit of profit. Yeah, the need for capital to find ever new sources of commodification has definitely been accelerating in the past decade or two. This idea is worth revisiting once I get to the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall.
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 16:51 |
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AnimeIsTrash posted:I know breadtube is uncouth but I thought this was a really good video. The creator is going to do a series on the failed German revolution. cck philosophy rules, very funny that that zero books publisher guy talked poo poo about him on cumtown he is NOT breadtube, he has not been on camera doing embarrassing 10 minute theatre kid sketches with costumes and lighting
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 17:45 |
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a fun aspect of marxist theory is that when pollution and the climate get bad enough such things as fresh air and clean water WILL gain value, possibly a lot of it
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 18:04 |
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crepeface posted:cck philosophy rules, very funny that that zero books publisher guy talked poo poo about him on cumtown Marxism—Nietzscheanism https://www.amazon.com/How-Philosop...oks%2C96&sr=1-1
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 19:51 |
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MLSM posted:Marxism—Nietzscheanism The Gay Immortal Science
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 20:00 |
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Comrade Koba posted:The Gay Immortal Science The Stalinist Übermensch
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 20:20 |
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gradenko_2000 posted:if we say, okay, what Gorbachev did didn't work out, but the "Stalinism" of the post-Khrushchev, run-by-Brezhnev era wasn't all that great either, you'd find yourself in a situation where the country already has industrialized, but now it needs/wants consumer goods and a way to keep growing the economy in a way that doesn't too heavily rely on the top-down management of GOSPLAN and various methods of central planning I absolutely have to think there was some alternative to the USSR’s collapse and to dengism. And honestly, what is the value of Dengism to the greater socialist project? Once USA hegemony falls, a new contradiction arises in the even more difficult to destroy capitalism-lite Chinese state. On this specific topic, what the gently caress is Gonzalo thought? It seems like a weird cult of teenagers that say every other sect is bad except without any cogent analysis (and they really hate China). Also, I don’t understand what Social Imperialism is. It seems like a term invented to denigrate the USSR. It’s either imperialist or it’s not, idk wtf. I did find this good Reddit post that seems to capture the essence of my reaction: https://www.reddit.com/r/asktankies...ossmf&context=3
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 21:17 |
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"fetishizing the worst aspects of the cultural revolution" about sums it up long post about the collapse of the "red guards" in the U.S., some of the specifics are inaccurate but this seems about right: https://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1ss495p quote:In looking at the closure of this organization, though it was not always predestined to remain this way, it was composed mostly of petty bourgeois students and youth and because of that economic position the ideas of the petty bourgeoisie came through. It was likewise initiated and lead by two lumpen individuals wearing Marxist garb who brought with them wannabe gangster ideas as well – using physical beatdowns as “reformation”, screaming obscenities at people while calling it criticism, promoting a hyper-centralist and opaque structure, elevating petty disputes to political struggle and engaging in ill-discipline when it came to personal matters, and having a general antisocial disposition. People who previously had meant well were turned into the same types as their leaders. Though this class orientation and composition was the starting point, there were militant and proletarian elements brought in who fought for the correct application of theory and towards building a genuine workers’ Party, and the political leadership of Dallas had always struggled with this line, but ultimately these elements were unable to be coherent enough to salvage the organization.
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# ? Sep 1, 2022 22:57 |
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Didn't the german Socialdemocrats use the term first as something they wanted to do in a hypothetical colony?
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 00:20 |
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the other people who get mad about about that are anarchists when I try to explain to them that ubi is a bad idea and that work is good and necessary and that in a better world they would be working more so that people in the global south could work less
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 00:56 |
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The Voice of Labor posted:the other people who get mad about about that are anarchists when I try to explain to them that ubi is a bad idea and that work is good and necessary and that in a better world they would be working more so that people in the global south could work less im not surprised you meet resistance if you approach (and present) wealth and labor inequality in those terms. ubi is am ineffective solution to wealth inequality because it still leaves the means of prodction and control of workers' lives in the hands of the bourgeoisie, to be wielded however they see fit once the heat dies down. as far as working more so the global south can work less, i dont know what you're talking about. you're gonna have to walk me through it
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 05:57 |
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croup coughfield posted:im not surprised you meet resistance if you approach (and present) wealth and labor inequality in those terms. ubi is am ineffective solution to wealth inequality because it still leaves the means of prodction and control of workers' lives in the hands of the bourgeoisie, to be wielded however they see fit once the heat dies down. as far as working more so the global south can work less, i dont know what you're talking about. you're gonna have to walk me through it Even a jobless person in the imperial core can survive (definitely not thrive) easier than a working person in the periphery because of access to cheap products made in sweat shops. Multiply that by a thousand for anyone who actually gets PTO
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 06:02 |
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croup coughfield posted:im not surprised you meet resistance if you approach (and present) wealth and labor inequality in those terms. ubi is am ineffective solution to wealth inequality because it still leaves the means of prodction and control of workers' lives in the hands of the bourgeoisie, to be wielded however they see fit once the heat dies down. as far as working more so the global south can work less, i dont know what you're talking about. you're gonna have to walk me through it I'm not real sure if any tact would work. for the geographically specific example a $500 monthly stipend would, ceteris paribus, be totally consumed by regular rent increases in around 5 years. like, there's a built in sunset clause for when the heat dies down re: working more. if the goal is international communism, it's a fair assumption that standards of living need to be the same across the globe. even without the waste of supporting a parasite class and producing luxuries to indulge their whims, there's still not enough surplus and what there is is unevenly distributed. fixing the dearth and disparity would require people who touch computers for a paycheck and do 1 hour of productive labor and browse the forums and twitter for 7 hours during a work day to be reforesting and building roads and schools and hospitals and producing garments and growing food and not spending 7 hours of the working day on the forums and twitter
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 06:40 |
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War and Pieces posted:Even a jobless person in the imperial core can survive (definitely not thrive) easier than a working person in the periphery because of access to cheap products made in sweat shops. Multiply that by a thousand for anyone who actually gets PTO i understand what labor conditions are like. im confused by the idea the economy would be effectively unchanged in this hypothetical socialist america, such that the same kind of production is taking place, with the same distribution of resources, feeding the same demands. the entire purpose of the socialist project is to undermine and permanently remove the profit motive that drives these types of exploitative policies. i dont see how that necessarily requires like 70% of americans to work even longer hours than they do now. if anything that radical change in supply and demand leads to less work needed everywhere. consumer products only need to be cheap if the consumers aren't receiving the full value of their labor.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 06:41 |
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The Voice of Labor posted:re: working more. if the goal is international communism, it's a fair assumption that standards of living need to be the same across the globe. even without the waste of supporting a parasite class and producing luxuries to indulge their whims, there's still not enough surplus and what there is is unevenly distributed. fixing the dearth and disparity would require people who touch computers for a paycheck and do 1 hour of productive labor and browse the forums and twitter for 7 hours during a work day to be reforesting and building roads and schools and hospitals and producing garments and growing food and not spending 7 hours of the working day on the forums and twitter who are these computer guys you're so mad at. that is not the bulk of the working class in america.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 06:46 |
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The bulk of working class America is still working pointless unproductive jobs. (Doesn't mean it's not hard work)
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 08:35 |
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The Voice of Labor posted:re: working more. if the goal is international communism, it's a fair assumption that standards of living need to be the same across the globe. even without the waste of supporting a parasite class and producing luxuries to indulge their whims, there's still not enough surplus and what there is is unevenly distributed. fixing the dearth and disparity would require people who touch computers for a paycheck and do 1 hour of productive labor and browse the forums and twitter for 7 hours during a work day to be reforesting and building roads and schools and hospitals and producing garments and growing food and not spending 7 hours of the working day on the forums and twitter
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 08:49 |
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UBI is goon paradise: it allows one to simply stay home, order everything in and only have social contacts through screen.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 09:55 |
croup coughfield posted:who are these computer guys you're so mad at. that is not the bulk of the working class in america. I'm one of those computer touchers who does 1 hour of productive work a day and spends 7 hours loving about. I can say with absolute certainty that the problem is not that office drones are unwilling or unable to do the work that TVOL outlines, it's that said jobs often don't exist and when they do, they pay poo poo whereas office drone jobs are loving everywhere and despite not being physically destructive to the body (in the traditional sense), they pay much better. If said productive labor jobs were available and paid well, as happens around here pretty much only with the few union jobs that haven't been ruthlessly stamped out, people would be lining up around the block to jump out of deadend office jobs and do something worthwhile. But those jobs aren't valued under capitalism so they don't exist in the necessary numbers.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 12:04 |
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The Labour Theory of Value It’s an oft-repeated misconception that Marx didn’t believe in supply and demand. This is quite clearly not the case. That a commodity’s exchange value might fluctuate this way or that due to supply and demand is a given in Marx’s work, but it’s also a phenomenon he’s not really interested in exploring to any great extent. Rather, he wants to get at what’s under the hood, so to speak, of supply and demand... That is to say, let’s assume the market for a commodity has a perfect balance between supply and demand (something Marx would argue almost never occurs, though if it does it’s only incidentally). In such a case, what exactly determines the value of the commodity? What makes two different commodities, each existing in a relatively balanced state of supply and demand, exchange for different values? This is something supply and demand theory can’t answer, but which Marx argues is determined according to the abstract labour of the commodities in question. Commodities and Abstract Labour Commodities are said to contain or “embody” abstract labour, but this isn’t true in the physical sense. You can’t find the value of a microprocessor materially by examining it under a microscope. Abstract labour cannot be touched, tasted, or heard. Since value cannot be materially perceived, likewise you’ll never see someone performing abstract labour. This is a social reality, not a physical one, much like you can’t tell that someone is an aristocrat through the shape of their nose or examining their blood*, but that doesn’t stop the aristocrat from being an aristocrat in social reality. Commodities don’t exist in nature, but in society. So what is Abstract Labour? This is what happens when you take actual labour (what a single worker standing in a factory line does to help put together a widget) and socially treat it as average, equal labour. Workers are paid not for their actual labour, but for their abstract labour – featureless, without qualities, inherently comparable and thus exchangeable for other commodities. A person cleaning floors in a hospital does very different work than a person working a cash register at a grocery store, but both can be treated the same in terms of wages, hence abstracting the actual labour that goes on in each case. It’s from Abstract Labour that a commodity finds its exchange value. As Ferrinus put it in another thread... Ferrinus posted:It's important to note that a commodity's value, that is, the average socially-necessary abstract labor time required to procure and/or produce it, is the center of gravity around which its exchange value (how much of some other commodity you can trade it for) and its price (how much of the specific, historically contingent money-commodity you can trade it for) fluctuate. Things often sell for more or less than their value should imply because of various practical on-the-ground factors like canny salesmanship, desperation on the buyer's part, or, as you say, artificial scarcity maintained by cartels. We’ll be getting further into the way labour is divided into different types according to their function later, but for now this should suffice to move on. * Insert “Habsburg jaw” inbreeding jokes here. Commodity Fetishism No, not that kind of fetishism... Marx posted:It is as clear as noon-day, that man, by his industry, changes the forms of the materials furnished by Nature, in such a way as to make them useful to him. The form of wood, for instance, is altered, by making a table out of it. Yet, for all that, the table continues to be that common, every-day thing, wood. But, so soon as it steps forth as a commodity, it is changed into something transcendent. It not only stands with its feet on the ground, but, in relation to all other commodities, it stands on its head, and evolves out of its wooden brain grotesque ideas, far more wonderful than “table-turning” ever was. Many societies believe that particular objects have mystical powers. Usually this is something relegated to so-called “primitive” societies, but in fact it’s no less true of modern capitalist societies. As consumers, we tend to think about commodities as having relationships with one another – and that these relationships are natural and spontaneous, like the relationship between sugar cubes and tea, matches and cigarettes, or money and everything else. What actually happens is that society divides its labour between many different private producers, who relate to each other through product exchange. This is the process that transforms simple use-values into exchange-values. Without these relationships between people as producers, money and other commodities would lose their exchangeability. Without this, a florist would only ever have flowers – the florist needs to produce for exchange (grow flowers as commodities) and engage with the overall system in order for exchange to take place. Marx posted:Since the producers do not come into social contact with each other until they exchange their products, the specific social character of each producer’s labour does not show itself except in the act of exchange. In other words, the labour of the individual asserts itself as a part of the labour of society, only by means of the relations which the act of exchange establishes directly between the products, and indirectly, through them, between the producers. No single commodity-producer can use indefinite quantities of any one use-value. Beyond a certain point, getting more of any particular commodity does nothing (or less than nothing) for you, and these commodities lose their use-value. (Even if you’re so enthusiastic about television programming that you want a television in every room of your house, sooner or later you’ll reach the point that making more televisions does nothing to meet a need you have – and probably just clutters up your place.) And yet, a newly-manufactured television with all the latest bells-and-whistles appears to us as though it is naturally exchangeable for money or other goods. The system in which it is produced and exchanged (the social character of the commodity) seems invisible to us, a silent assumption. We don’t think about these commodities as objects that embody abstract amounts of human labour when we engage their use-values... Commodities just seem to attract money like magnets attract iron, as a force of nature. A television of a particular brand and size and with certain features is “worth” just so much – no more, no less. These qualities are viewed as natural, inherent, and unalterable. This is Commodity Fetishism, which forgets that value of all kinds is, at heart, socially determined. And nothing is quite so fetishistic in a capitalist system as money. Note: Even labour, as a commodity, is fetishized. Most workers think of their labour as being “worth” just so much, and that this exchange of work for wages is natural and inevitable, as immutable a fact of life as the tides or the rising of the sun. Money Value exists in three forms according to Marx: As commodities, as money, and as capital. Commodities are use-values produced for exchange. Money is the universal commodity, equivalent to all others. Capital is money invested to generate more money. Before we can discuss capital, we need to better understand money. Value-relations, in order to form a system, have to be established through aggregate exchange. Someone trading a bushel of apples for a car tells us almost nothing about the value relations between those things – it could simply be an unequal exchange. But if it happens enough, then you can begin to draw conclusions that one car is equivalent to one bushel of apples. And so on with linen, tea, gold, etc. These exchange ratios become more fixed, are drawn closer to the value-based centre of gravity, and before you know it you have a system of commodity production where the relative value of commodities are systematically established. Before long this grows too complex for a system of barter, and money as the super-commodity necessarily emerges to act as the standard measurement of the value of all commodities.* Once you have money established as the super-commodity, other commodities generally can only be exchanged for money. It has a unique power of exchange. As the playwright Ben Jonson put it: Ben Jonson in The Alchemist posted:Riches – the dumb god that giv’st all men tongues, that can’st do naught, and yet mak’st men do all things. * Historically, gold was the commonly-accepted super-commodity used as money. With the gold standard, it was no longer that a coat was worth 20 metres of linen which was worth 15 kg of tea, but that $20 could be exchanged for your choice of one coat, 20 metres of linen, or 15 kg of tea.** ** As Animist points out in this great post, I'm speaking far too broadly here. A lot of societies used other metals like silver as their standard, and that ignores all the societies that used something else like debt - palace economies would probably be one example of this. See Animist's post for more information. The point here, though, is that once a market evolves to a certain point, the emergence of some kind of super-commodity is natural simply as a way of facilitating large-scale trade... Whether that super-commodity is based on gold, silver, debt, or yams. Next time, we’ll be talking about capital accumulation and reproduction. Falstaff has issued a correction as of 14:22 on Sep 3, 2022 |
# ? Sep 2, 2022 12:16 |
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The Voice of Labor posted:I'm not real sure if any tact would work. for the geographically specific example a $500 monthly stipend would, ceteris paribus, be totally consumed by regular rent increases in around 5 years. like, there's a built in sunset clause for when the heat dies down You can just say that socialism (to you) means you have your own farm in the middle of bumfuck nowhere.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 14:45 |
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AnimeIsTrash posted:You can just say that socialism (to you) means you have your own farm in the middle of bumfuck nowhere. i dont think thats what hes saying but i want to give him the opportunity to explain himself before we get back to busines beating that rear end. its not illegal to be stupid or ignorant in the marxism thread. quite the opposite: i want improperly educated people to come here if they have an interest in learning about marxism, marxian economics, and socialism in an environment (hopefully) less poisoned by cspam thought. what i do insist on, however, is that posters like tvol (stupid and militant in defending that stupidity) actually learn or shut the gently caress up and let other people learn. this goes for the mouse guy, too to that end, im interested in tvol backing up his claim that the bourgeoisie appropriate less wealth than the guys who gently caress their computers
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 15:59 |
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posting walls of text where you quote ferrinus and throwing in a goon classic where you had the fetish comic panel totally ready not for any other reason than this joke really aint it lol
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 17:01 |
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in this post i will explore lenins state and rev and relate it to later decolonialist thought but also here is a anime girl with her feet carefully drawn with a lil humor loosely tied to class oppression
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 17:08 |
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Trash Ops posted:posting walls of text where you quote ferrinus and throwing in a goon classic where you had the fetish comic panel totally ready not for any other reason than this joke really aint it lol Trash Ops posted:in this post i will explore lenins state and rev and relate it to later decolonialist thought but also here is a anime girl with her feet carefully drawn with a lil humor loosely tied to class oppression
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 17:12 |
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shut up trash ops
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 17:16 |
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So I gather there are two issues here. The first is that I quoted Ferrinus in my last post. Have to say, not really understanding this objection. Was anything quoted there inaccurate? If so, please point it out. But the last time I did this, Ferrinus made what I felt was an important clarification, and I wanted to both include the clarification and give it proper attribution. As for the images, I mentioned I'm a teacher. The fact is that humour can be a great teaching tool. It can make the reader relax and make otherwise dry text more approachable. But if the images I'm using for humour are too cringey and folks would rather I leave them out because skipping over them is too distracting or whatever, I suppose that's easy enough for me to do.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 17:40 |
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I support Falstaff's posting. Marxism should be accessible
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 18:10 |
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the images are fine, and if anything you should keep quoting ferrinus because if nothing else it makes certain posters unreasonably angry
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 18:11 |
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Falstaff posted:So I gather there are two issues here. The first is that I quoted Ferrinus in my last post. Have to say, not really understanding this objection. Was anything quoted there inaccurate? If so, please point it out. But the last time I did this, Ferrinus made what I felt was an important clarification, and I wanted to both include the clarification and give it proper attribution. certain c-spammers have nothing to contribute themselves and instead make curt posts to the effect they don't like your posting voice or some other aesthetic aspect. these posters can be ignored or dismissed. your posts are fine.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 18:20 |
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they're just trolling. its fine. i would simply prefer they apply that skill somewhere other than at falstaff for making a good faith effort to explain the core concepts of marx's critique of capital
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 18:48 |
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i think it was lenin who formulated socialism as "he who does not work, neither shall he eat." this sounds harsh until you remember that A) it was not expressing the intention to let children or disabled people starve, those still get taken care of by some kind of welfare state and B) under capitalism, there is in fact a class of people who eat without working but also without any kind of collective societal charity: the bourgeoisie. this is to say that i would expect that as much or more work gets done under socialism, not less, contra the life of leisure a UBI might seem to promise however, under capitalism, the unemployed are part of the working class, and the bigger and more immiserated the unemployed are, the more leverage capitalists have over those workers who are currently being allowed to work. so demanding expanded welfare all the way up to a UBI is fair game and i think a good strategy under capitalist conditions, it's just not the one weird trick that will get you socialism
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 18:57 |
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Everyone should eat imo
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 19:41 |
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Ferrinus posted:i think it was lenin who formulated socialism as "he who does not work, neither shall he eat." this sounds harsh until you remember that A) it was not expressing the intention to let children or disabled people starve, those still get taken care of by some kind of welfare state and B) under capitalism, there is in fact a class of people who eat without working but also without any kind of collective societal charity: the bourgeoisie. this is to say that i would expect that as much or more work gets done under socialism, not less, contra the life of leisure a UBI might seem to promise I have two main issues with UBI, one minor and one major. The minor issue is that it's often proposed by people who want to use it to dismantle the social safety net, which is bullshit. All this would need to be fixed would be to back a version of UBI that doesn't do that, so it's an easy fix in theory. But the second issue is that it's putting the cart before the horse. I know it's trite to point at everything in the world around us and go "Late-stage capitalism," but the fact is that the stage of capitalism we're living in - whatever you want to call it - has seen an incredible acceleration in rent-seeking behaviour across the western world. Rent-seeking through investing in monopolized commodities, financial products, loans, and literal rent add nothing to the economy and only heighten the contradictions of capitalism (thus they harm the system overall), but for an individual capitalist where traditional industries have suffered decades of falling rate of profits and there are fewer and fewer new markets to exploit, it only makes sense to invest in rent-seeking because that's a lot more dependable means of acquiring individual profits (even if the surplus value is nonexistent.) Given this, I'm quite confident that the moment UBI gets passed in any fashion, you'll see rent-seeking capitalists bleed it dry to the point your UBI becomes next to useless. The only way to prevent this from happening would be to get a robust system of protection against rent-seeking first - rent caps, price controls on staple foods, nearly-free public transportation, hell, let's throw in coloured jumpsuits for all while we're at it. Only then would UBI make any sense, and even if you managed such a monumental task, you'd still get the pressure of capital eroding away at these protections at a steady pace. Or you could just do a revolution, which frankly strikes me as easier and a much more thorough solution to the problems of capitalism.
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 21:47 |
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Communist Thoughts posted:Everyone should eat the rich imo
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 21:48 |
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Communist Thoughts posted:Everyone should eat imo Everyone should work too
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 22:25 |
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War and Pieces posted:Everyone should work too Now this I can't get behind
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 22:53 |
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Communist Thoughts posted:Now this I can't get behind why not?
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# ? Sep 2, 2022 23:15 |
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# ? Jun 6, 2024 19:44 |
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Falstaff posted:* Historically, gold was the commonly-accepted super-commodity used as money. With the gold standard, it was no longer that a coat was worth 20 metres of linen which was worth 15 kg of tea, but that $20 could be exchanged for your choice of one coat, 20 metres of linen, or 15 kg of tea. This is sorta ahistorical. Abstract credit systems were invented thousands of years before metal currency, e.g. in Sumeria and Egypt. These systems let you convert anything into a particular quantity -- but that quantity was debt, credit, "I'll owe you one", not the intrinsic value of some metal. Of course debt could be kept in units of account based on metal -- or cows, or barley, or salt, etc. But it was understood to be debt -- a social relation -- not gold -- a commodity. Similarly, economies based on strictly exchanging 20 meters of linen for 15 kg of tea pretty much don't exist. As soon as you have specialization of production and states, you'll be exchanging credit using written accounting systems. Before that, in primitive communism, property is generally communal. Nomadic bands will occasionally barter with each other; but within a band, you just keep track of who owes each other what, giving and taking favors over the course of years, without strict one-to-one exchanges. Once you learn to write, you start writing these things down. Eventually, kings get the idea of issuing metal tokens that everybody has to pay them back in taxes, often in conquered territories. Then you start to have monetary systems -- but these systems still don't work based on a gold or silver standard; the money doesn't get its value from the commodity that makes it up, but rather, from the political power of the issuing entity. The idea of founding the value of money on metals instead of debt happened over the last millenium -- initially, almost universally silver; gold only after the California gold rush in the 1800s. IIRC, this sort of standard was basically a reaction of the early bourgeoisie to a lot of credit bubbles. You can tell it's bourgeois because it's fetishistic, displacing the social relation of debt onto commodities -- silver, then gold once there was enough of it. This is one of the central points made in David Graeber's "Debt." Graeber isn't a Marxist, but his anthropological chops are good, and anyway most of what he says turns out to be strong historical evidence for a Marxist point of view. The ancients knew that money was an abstract social relation, and they wrote a lot about that. The displacement of these social relations onto commodities happened relatively recently. (Barter societies do show up sometimes -- generally in societies used to money that experience a drop in money supply. But you pretty much never get a bartering-for-everything society without credit systems and money coming first.) animist has issued a correction as of 00:46 on Sep 3, 2022 |
# ? Sep 3, 2022 00:27 |