• His Excellency by Joseph J. Ellis (George Washington)
  
• First Family: Abigail and John Adams by Joseph J. Ellis (John Adams)
  • Burr by Gore Vidal (Aaron Burr)
    
  • Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow (Alexander Hamilton)
• American Sphinx by Joseph J. Ellis (Thomas Jefferson)
  
• Madison's Hand by Mary Sarah Bilder (James Madison)
  
• The Last Founding Father by Harlow Giles Unger (James Monroe)
  
• John Quincy Adams: American Visionary by Fred Kaplan (John Quincy Adams)
  
• Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times by H.W. Brands (Andrew Jackson)
  • Henry Clay: The Essential American by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler (Henry Clay)
    
  • John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography by John Niven (John C. Calhoun)
    
  • Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time by Robert Remini (Daniel Webster)
• Martin Van Buren and the American Political System by Donald Cole (Martin Van Buren)
  
• Mr. Jefferson’s Hammer: William Henry Harrison and the Origins of American Indian Policy by Robert Owens (William Harrison)
  
• John Tyler: The Accidental President by Edward Crapol (John Tyler)
  
• Polk: The Man Who Transformed the Presidency and America by Walter Borneman (James Polk)
  
• Zachary Taylor by John S. D. Eisenhower (Zachary Taylor)
  
• Millard Fillmore by Paul Finkelman (Millard Fillmore)
  
• BONUS: The Presidents' War: Six American Presidents And The Civil War That Divided Them by Charles DeRose (The Civil War and Buchanan, Tyler, Perice, Fillmore, and Van Buren)

• John Adams (Miniseries)
  
• The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941)

• Revolutions Podcast, Episodes 2.1 - 2.15a (The American Revolution) by Mike Duncan
  
• The Washington Post's Presidential Podcast by Lillian Cunningham
  
• The Dollop by Dave Anthony and Gareth Reynolds
  
• Back Story with the American History Guys by Ed Ayers, Peter Onuf, and Brian Balogh

• 1776 - The Original Broadway Cast Recording by Sherman Edwards and Peter Stone
  
• Hamilton - The Original Broadway Cast Recording by Lin-Manuel Miranda
  
• Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson - The Musical by Michael Friedman and Alex Timbers
  
• American History USA's The Campaign Trail

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 16:24 on Jul 24, 2016

• Notable Positions: Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Delegate to the Constitutional Conventions
  
• Party Affiliation: Independent
  
• Biography: George Washington is the hero of the American Revolution and one of the wealthiest men in the former colonies. Though he never received a formal education beyond childhood, Washington is a successful military leader and a prominent surveyor in Virginia. He owns a plantation on the banks of the Potomac.
  
• Platform: Washington has made no effort to campaign. Generally, he is opposed to political factionalism and an excessive national debt. He supports American neutrality in international affairs and free trade. He is considered a de facto Federalist on other policy issues. He is a slave owner.

• Notable Positions: Ambassador to England, Ambassador to the Netherlands, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Author of the Massachusetts Constitution
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist
  
• Biography: Known as “His Rotundity,” Adams is a brilliant lawyer but prone to pompous behavior. In the years before the Revolution, Adams was a key figure in pushing the colonies toward independence. He and his wife, Abigail, hope to develop a coherent political philosophy to guide the new republic.
  
• Platform: Adams considers himself to be naturally suited for the Vice Presidency due to his good relationship with Washington. Adams supports Hamilton’s economic reforms, which will empower the national government at the expense of the states, but considers domestic policy to be Congress’s domain. In foreign affairs, he supports closer ties with England. He is an avid opponent of slavery.

• Notable Positions: Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador to Spain, President of the Continental Congress, Author of the Federalist Papers
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist
  
• Biography: John Jay is the leader of the wealthy Jay clan and a dominating force in New York politics. Despite initial misgivings about independence, Jay served important roles in the Continental Congress and helped build the newly independent government of his home state. He was the chief negotiator in the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolution with American independence.
  
• Platform: John Jay supports a strong, centralized national government and is willing to encroach on the states to build an independent American economy. He strongly opposes slavery and supports rapprochement with England.

• Notable Positions: Chief Justice of General Court of Maryland, Lieutenant Colonel in the Continental Army
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist
  
• Biography: Robert Harrison owns a successful law firm in Alexandria, Virginia and is a close personal friend of George Washington. During the Revolution Harrison served as Washington’s military secretary. His father was a prominent member of the Maryland legislature.
  Platform: Little is known about Harrison’s political views. Though he holds the highest judicial position in Maryland, his decisions largely concern real estate law.

• Notable Positions: Governor of South Carolina, Delegate to the Continental Congress
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist
  
• Biography: John Rutledge is the son of a Irish immigrant who became a wealthy Southern plantation owner. During the Revolution, he governed South Carolina. After British forces seized it, he and Nathaniel Greene led the Continental Army to reclaim it. Rutledge was one of the most influential delegates at the Constitutional Convention. His brother signed the Declaration of Independence.
  
• Platform: Rutledge is a political moderate and concerned with the procedural issues of the new constitution. He is responsible for denying the Supreme Court the right to issue advisory opinions, eliminating wealth-requirements in national elections, and establishing the single-man executive. He supports slavery and is strongly opposed to restoring ties with England.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 02:24 on Nov 19, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 12:46 on Nov 20, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 14:38 on Nov 21, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 14:43 on Nov 22, 2015

• Notable Positions: President of the United States, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Delegate to the Constitutional Conventions
  
• Party Affiliation: Independent
  
• Biography: George Washington is the hero of the new Republic and one of the wealthiest men in the former colonies. Though he was elected unanimously in 1789, Washington wants to retire from public life. He has offered himself for re-election at the behest of his Cabinet.
  
• Platform: Though politically unaligned, Washington is a de facto Federalist. Washington has enacted Hamilton’s financial policies, strengthening the national government. He is committed to neutrality in international affairs. Former anti-Federalists are considering whether to resign from Washington’s administration in protest. He has made no moves to strengthen or harm slavery. Washington is suspicious of the revolution in France.

• Notable Positions: Vice President of the United States, Ambassador to England, Ambassador to the Netherlands, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Author of the Massachusetts Constitution
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Adams is a brilliant lawyer but principled to a fault, demanding adherence to precise pre-established procedural and policy guidelines. As Vice President, he has taken an extremely hands-on approach to the Senate and actively debates for the Administration, despite threats that he will be censured for doing so. He otherwise plays a minor role in politics and Washington rarely consults with him on policy matters.
  
• Platform: Adams expects to be re-elected to the Vice Presidency. Adams supports Hamilton’s economic reforms, which will empower the national government at the expense of the states, but hates Hamilton himself. In foreign affairs, he supports closer ties with England. He is a strong opponent of slavery and believes in public education. He is wary of the revolutionaries in France.

• Notable Positions: Governor of New York
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: A Revolutionary War hero and Governor of New York, Clinton is a powerful force in New York politics. Before independence, he was known for protecting the Sons of Liberty, an act which earned him imprisonment by the British. During the war, he served as New York’s wartime governor and was responsible for coordinating the state’s war effort. His prior opposition to the Constitution has made Clinton a divisive figure outside the state. Hamilton has used his network of printers to spread rumors that Clinton is still opposed to the Constitution and will undo it if given power.
  
• Platform: A former Anti-Federalist deeply committed to the small freehold farmers of New York’s countryside, George Clinton is known as the “yeoman politician.” He opposes Hamilton’s economic reforms, as he believes they will give the national government excessive authority over the state and individual. He is fanatically opposed to the British. Clinton would like to see the establishment of a standing army to protect existing territory and to seize British lands. He opposes slavery on a personal basis, but sees the issue as a low priority. He is inclined to support the French Revolution, but wants to see how the situation develops.

• Notable Positions: Secretary of State, Ambassador to France, Governor of Virginia, Delegate to the Continental Congress, Author of the Declaration of Independence
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Brilliant. Humorless. Cosmopolitan. Slaveholder. Jefferson is a man of contradictions, at once the author of the Declaration of Independence and at the same time a defender of the plantation system. Though his revolutionary zeal and legal brilliance attracts admirers, Jefferson is known for being uncomfortable in public settings. He rarely speaks before crowds, dresses in old-fashioned clothing, and often secludes himself from other people.
  
• Platform: Jefferson is heavily influenced by the Enlightenment. He is committed to ending corruption and ensuring equal rights for all white male citizens by limiting federal authority. Distrustful of British aristocracy and the merchant class, Jefferson hopes to build an “agrarian republic,” an America large enough that every citizen owns their own plantation or farm. He supports wars that will halt “the dangerous extension of the British Province of Canada and add to the Empire of liberty.” He is a fanatic support of the French Revolution.

• Notable Positions: Senator of New York, New York State Attorney General, New York State Assemblyman
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Son of a Presbyterian minister, Aaron Burr is active member of the New York social scene and a Revolutionary War veteran. Though known by few people outside New York, Burr is quickly building a national reputation as a populist leader. Nonetheless, there are uncomfortable rumors about Burr’s his lack of principles and willingness to go outside the law. Burr is a known womanizer, but utterly devoted to his daughter.
  
• Platform: Burr is extremely charismatic and has popular support as the candidate you want to have some whiskey with. Burr has allies in both Federalist and Democratic-Republican camps, but has lately begun siding increasingly against the Washington Administration and its “Federalist aristocrats.” He opposes slavery and believes that women are equal to men. He has made no public statements regarding the French Revolution.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 15:25 on Nov 22, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 15:26 on Nov 22, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 00:58 on Nov 23, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 16:19 on Nov 29, 2015

• Notable Positions: Vice President of the United States, Ambassador to England, Ambassador to the Netherlands, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Author of the Massachusetts Constitution
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Adams is a brilliant lawyer but principled to a fault, demanding adherence to precise pre-established procedural and policy guidelines. As Vice President, he has taken an extremely hands-on approach to the Senate and actively debates for the Administration, despite threats that he will be censured for doing so. He otherwise plays a minor role in politics and Washington rarely consults with him on policy matters.
  
• Platform: Adams believes that campaigning is a “silly and wicked game” and has refused to campaign on his own behalf. He supports Hamilton’s economic reforms, which will empower the national government at the expense of the states. He supports the Jay Treaty, which allowed American-British disputes over wartime debts, trade, and borders to be settled by arbitration. Adams is further opposed to the French Revolution and hopes to distance America from, what appears to be, a rapidly collapsing country. Adams is a strong opponent of slavery and believes in public education. He is wary of the revolutionaries in France and has tied his opponents in the Democratic-Republican Party to the anarchy there.

• Notable Positions: Secretary of State, Ambassador to France, Governor of Virginia, Delegate to the Continental Congress, Author of the Declaration of Independence
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Brilliant. Humorless. Cosmopolitan. Slaveholder. Jefferson is a man of contradictions, at once the author of the Declaration of Independence and at the same time a defender of the plantation system. Though his revolutionary zeal and legal brilliance attracts admirers, Jefferson is known for being uncomfortable in public settings. He rarely speaks before crowds, dresses in old-fashioned clothing, and often secludes himself from other people.
  
• Platform: Jefferson is heavily influenced by the Enlightenment. He is committed to ending corruption and ensuring equal rights for all white male citizens by limiting federal authority. Distrustful of British aristocracy and the merchant class, Jefferson hopes to build an “agrarian republic,” an America large enough that every citizen owns their own plantation or farm. He supports wars that will halt “the dangerous extension of the British Province of Canada and add to the Empire of liberty.” As such, he opposes the Jay Treaty. He is a fanatical support of the French Revolution.

• Notable Positions: Representative of South Carolina, Ambassador to Great Britain, South Carolina State Representative
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Pickney is among the most educated and respected leaders in post-Independence America. Despite being the son of a prominent colonial official and being educated in Great Britain, Pickney was an early adopter of the Patriot cause. During the Revolution, he served in the Continental Army alongside Horatio Gates and Lafayette. After the war, he allied himself with George Washington and received various appointments within his administration. In 1795, he arranged the Treaty of San Lorenzo, which formally defined the boundaries between Spanish and American territory and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
  
• Platform: The Treaty of San Lorenzo has made Thomas Pickney a popular figure in the American South and West for guaranteeing the region’s economic interests. On most issues, Pickney is a political moderate. He supports the Jay Treaty, but not vocally so, and opposes the French, albeit only because he does not believe America is strong enough to defend it. Hardcore Federalists support Pickney over Adams because they believe he can be controlled more easily than the politically entrenched Adams. He is a friend to Thomas Jefferson and sympathetic to his concerns about the increasingly powerful “Federalist aristocracy.” He owns slaves.

• Notable Positions: Senator of New York, New York State Attorney General, New York State Assemblyman
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Second son of a Presbyterian minister, Aaron Burr is active member of the New York social scene and a Revolutionary War veteran. Though known by few people outside New York, Burr is quickly building a national reputation as a populist leader. Nonetheless, there are uncomfortable rumors about Burr’s his lack of principles and willingness to go outside the law. Burr is a known womanizer, but utterly devoted to his daughter.
  
• Platform: Aaron Burr is the first candidate in the country’s history to actively campaign for the Presidency and has gained support as the candidate you want to have some whiskey with. Burr has allies in both Federalist and Democratic-Republican camps, but has lately begun siding increasingly against the “Federalist aristocrats.” He opposes slavery and believes that women are equal to men. He has made no public statements regarding the French Revolution, but has allowed French emigres to stay at his home.

• Notable Positions: Governor of Massachusetts, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, Delegate to the Continental Congress, Clerk of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Samuel Adams is one of the central figures of the American Revolution and played a key role in orchestrating the Boston Tea Party. Despite his terrible business sense, Adams is a skilled and popular politician. During the Second Continental Congress he played the role of a “parliamentary whip,” pushing the delegates toward independence. After the war, he and his cousin John Adams drafted the Massachusetts Constitution.
  
• Platform: Samuel Adams believes that the future of the American Republic depends on the virtue of its citizens. Unlike other Founders, Samuel Adams is very religious and believes in a tolerant but Christian-inspired democracy. He believes in free public education for children, even for girls. Adams worries about the growing power of the national government and Hamilton’s Treasury, but opposes the use of violence to express those concerns. He opposes the Jay Treaty for not doing enough to end impressment. His close friendship with Thomas Paine makes him a supporter of the French Revolution. He privately opposes slavery.

• Notable Positions: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Senator of Connecticut, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Oliver Ellsworth is one of Washington’s last appointees and the current Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Though he has not yet had the opportunity to hear any cases, Ellsworth is a successful lawyer who supervised Connecticut’s war expenditures during the Revolution. He was one of the principal writers of the United States Constitution. Though a successful legislator, some Democratic-Republicans dislike Ellsworth reliance on backroom meetings and shady dealings to achieve his goals.
  
• Platform: Ellsworth is a staunch Federalist and, in the words of John Adams, “the firmest pillar of the whole Administration in the Senate.” Ellsworth believes in the need for a strong central government whose powers are divided among different branches. As such, he led the Senate to pass the Judiciary Act and was the whip behind Hamilton’s economic reforms. Ellsworth supports close ties with England and convinced George Washington to send John Jay to England to avert war. He opposes a national prohibition on slavery and prefers to keep the issue devolved to the several states to avoid civil war.

• Notable Positions: Governor of New York
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: A Revolutionary War Hero and Governor of New York, Clinton is a powerful force in New York politics. Before independence, he was known for protecting the Sons of Liberty, an act which regularly earned him imprisonment by the British. During the war, he served as New York’s wartime governor and was responsible for coordinating the state’s war effort. His prior opposition to the Constitution has made Clinton a divisive figure outside the state. Hamilton has used his network of printers to spread rumors that Clinton is still opposed to the Constitution and will undo it if given power.
  
• Platform: A former Anti-Federalist deeply committed to the small freehold farmers of New York’s countryside, George Clinton is known as the “yeoman politician.” He opposes Hamilton’s economic reforms, as he believes they will give the national government excessive authority over the state and individual. He is fanatically opposed to the British. Clinton would like to see the establishment of a standing army to protect existing territory and to seize British lands. He opposes slavery on a personal basis, but sees the issue as a low priority. He is inclined to support the French Revolution, but wants to see how the situation develops.

• Notable Positions: Governor of New York, Chief Justice of the United States, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador to Spain, President of the Continental Congress, Author of the Federalist Papers
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: John Jay is the leader of the wealthy Jay clan and a dominating force in New York politics. Despite initial misgivings about independence, Jay served important roles in the Continental Congress and helped build the newly independent government of his home state. He was the chief negotiator in the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolution with American independence.
  
• Platform: John Jay supports a strong, centralized national government and is willing to encroach on the states to build an independent American economy. As Chief Justice he has consistently ruled in favor of the federal government’s authority to regulate the power of the states. He strongly opposes slavery and supports rapprochement with England. He helped Washington draft a Neutrality Proclamation in response to growing unrest in France.

• Notable Positions: Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Attorney General of North Carolina
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: James Iredell is a devout Anglican with close ties to the British Isles. Despite this, Iredell was among the earliest supporters of American Independence. He is one of the republic’s most prominent essayists and wrote Principles of an American Whig, a treatise which outlines many of the same arguments that Jefferson would later use in the Declaration of Independence. He has held numerous posts within North Carolina’s government. In 1790, Washington appointed Iredell to the Supreme Court.
  
• Platform: As a Supreme Court justice, Iredell abides by strict textualism. In Chishom v. Georgia (1793), Iredell was the lone dissenting justice who ruled that a one state could sue another in federal court without its consent. In Calder v. Bull (1798), he opposed Connecticut’s establishment of an e post facto law. Iredell’s opinion in this case suggests his belief in judicial review. Iredell believes in the necessity of a strong military to stop the British from “let[ting] loose Indians on our Frontier” and “exciting [the blacks] to cut our throats, and involve Men, Women, and Children in one universal massacre.” He dislikes the French, distrusts their leaders, and believes that involving America any further in French affairs will lead to the destruction of the American government.

• Notable Positions: President of the United States, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Delegate to the Constitutional Conventions
  
• Party Affiliation: Independent
  
• Biography: George Washington is the hero of the new Republic and one of the wealthiest men in the former colonies. He has publicly announced his retirement and has asked that he be allowed to live in peace at Mount Vernon.
  
• Platform: Though politically unaligned, Washington is a de facto Federalist. Washington has enacted Hamilton’s financial policies, strengthening the national government. He is committed to neutrality in international affairs. Washington has publicly stated that he would not accept another term in office. Despite this, there are still some officials in the press agitating for Washington’s third term.

• Notable Positions: Senator of Maryland
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: John Henry was among the first individuals elected to serve in the Continental Congress, where he distinguished himself by targeting civilians who tried to profit from the Revolutionary War. He is known for suffering sudden illnesses and has spent most of his career as the Senator of Maryland in poor health.
  
• Platform: John Henry believes that a strong military is necessary to defend and expand the United States against foreign threats. Henry is also a strong advocate for former veterans. He is worried about the growing anarchy in France and feels that war with America’s former ally may soon be necessary. Otherwise, he supports the Jeffersonian ideal of an “agrarian republic” and westward expansion. John Henry owns slaves.

• Notable Positions: Governor of North Carolina, Senator of North Carolina, Grand Master of the Masons of North Carolina
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Samuel Johnston is a prominent member of North Carolina’s aristocracy and has a long history in elected office. Elected first in 1759, Johnston served four terms as part of North Carolina’s provincial congress and later went on to support the Continental Congress. Based on his long service and popularity among the delegates, Johnston was offered, but refused, to be elected the first President of the States in Congress Assembled under the Articles of Confederation. Despite this, Johnston was the primary figure involved in getting North Carolina to ratify the Constitution.
  
• Platform: Samuel Johnston represents the conservative faction of the Federalist Party, favoring complete reintegration of Loyalists back into society and the institution of a strong central government that is capable of enforcing order. During the Regulator Rebellion, he sponsored an act that gave law enforcement the authority to shoot protesters on sight. Though Johnston believes that power comes from the consent of the governed, he does not believe the common man is capable of making rational choices. He also opposes the printing of paper money as he feels it will harm the credit of the new republic. Johnston believes that restoring ties with England is necessary. He owns slaves.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 16:33 on Nov 29, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 02:12 on Nov 30, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 20:46 on Nov 30, 2015

• Notable Positions: President of the United States, Vice President of the United States, Ambassador to England, Ambassador to the Netherlands, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Author of the Massachusetts Constitution
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Adams is a brilliant lawyer but principled to a fault, demanding adherence to precise pre-established procedural and policy guidelines. As Vice President, he has taken an extremely hands-on approach to the Senate and actively debates for the Administration, despite threats that he will be censured for doing so. He otherwise plays a minor role in politics and Washington rarely consults with him on policy matters.
  
• Platform: Depending on who you ask, John Adams is either the only person standing between stability and complete chaos or a tyrannical despot who plans to stamp out the Bill of Rights and crown himself king. In 1798, Adams and the Federalist-controlled Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, laws which allow the President to prosecute individuals who are “dangerous to the peace and security of the United States.” Though the Federalists argue that these laws are necessary to maintain order at a time of near war, Jeffersonians believe that the Federalists are using the Acts to suppress political opponents. Surprisingly, Adams separated himself from the Federalist establishment on most other matters. Despite the French seizing American ships, Adams has resisted calls to support Britain in its war and instead maintained American neutrality. He has also pushed through new taxes to expand the national navy and army, despite business opposition. Adams is a strong opponent of slavery and believes in public education.

• Notable Positions: Secretary of State, Ambassador to France, Governor of Virginia, Delegate to the Continental Congress, Author of the Declaration of Independence
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Brilliant. Humorless. Cosmopolitan. Slaveholder. Jefferson is a man of contradictions, at once the author of the Declaration of Independence and at the same time a defender of the plantation system. Though his revolutionary zeal and legal brilliance attracts admirers, Jefferson is known for being uncomfortable in public settings. He rarely speaks before crowds, dresses in old-fashioned clothing, and often secludes himself from other people.
  
• Platform: Depending on who you ask, Jefferson is either a defender of individual liberty or an insane atheist who will plunge America into war, chaos, and self-destruction. Using the Vice Presidency as his platform, Jefferson has attacked Adams for the Alien and Sedition Acts and his new taxes in support of the army and navy. Jefferson believes that the Federalist Party is trying to suppress its political opponents. Jefferson is afraid that the military will launch a coup if he wins. Jefferson has called upon the states to stop any federal tyranny, but it is not known whether he supports the idea of nullification, as expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Otherwise, Jefferson hopes to build an “agrarian republic,” an America large enough that every citizen owns their own plantation or farm. He supports wars that will halt “the dangerous extension of the British Province of Canada and add to the Empire of liberty.” He owns slaves. He believes in a military based on the militia system.

• Notable Positions: Senator of New York, New York State Attorney General, New York State Assemblyman
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Second son of a Presbyterian minister, Aaron Burr is active member of the New York social scene and a Revolutionary War veteran. For his charisma and connections, Burr is quickly supplanting Alexander Hamilton as the controller of New York. He has convinced the leaders of a little-known social club, the Tammany Society, to convince workers to vote for him by any means necessary. He’s also used federal disaster funding to fund his own private bank, which is currently being used to support favorable press and politicians. For this willingness to go outside the law and exploit others, Burr has earned the scorn of many prominent Federalists. John Adams thinks he is a nice guy.
  
• Platform: Aaron Burr is the first candidate in the country’s history to actively campaign for the Presidency. Burr has allies in both Federalist and Democratic-Republican camps, but has lately begun siding increasingly against the “Federalist aristocrats.” He opposes slavery and believes that women are equal to men. He has made no public statements regarding France but is believed to be aligned with Jefferson.

• Notable Positions: Minister of Finance, Ambassador to France, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Charles Pinckney is a nationally-respected leader who participated in the Revolutionary War and the Constitutional Convention. The eldest son of a prominent South Carolina planter, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was tutored in London and studied law at Christ Church College in Oxford. Despite his loyalist upbringing and a long career serving colonial government, Pinckney joined the Patriot cause. Between 1789 and 1795 he declined presidential appointments to the U.S. Army, Supreme Court, Department of War, and Department of State. Instead, he accepted a position as Ambassador to France, where he helped defuse the XYZ Affair. Pinckney is known for being extremely scrupulous, refusing to pay bribes to facilitate negotiations.
  
• Platform: Depending on who you ask, Pinckney is either the Federalist Party’s last chance for a real leader, or a buffoon being used by Hamilton as a puppet. Pinckney is a “High Federalist” who supports siding with Britain and declaring outright war against France. He believes in the need for a stronger, secularized national government that can preserve the ideals of the Revolution. He supports the Alien and Sedition Acts and believes legislators should serve without pay. Pinckney is a large slaveowner and opposed the immediate abolition of the slave trade at the Constitutional Convention. He believes slavery to be integral to the economy of the South.

• Notable Positions: Governor of New York, Chief Justice of the United States, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador to Spain, President of the Continental Congress, Author of the Federalist Papers
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: John Jay is the leader of the wealthy Jay clan and a dominating force in New York politics. Despite initial misgivings about independence, Jay served important roles in the Continental Congress and helped build the newly independent government of his home state. He was the chief negotiator in the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolution with American independence. He has begun to excuse himself from official duties, citing poor health, and is expected to retire from politics.
  
• Platform: John Jay supports a strong, centralized national government and is willing to encroach on the states to build an independent American economy. Regardless of his position, he has consistently ruled in favor of the federal government’s authority to regulate the power of the states. He strongly opposes slavery and supports rapprochement with England. He helped Washington draft a Neutrality Proclamation in response to growing unrest in France. He supports the Alien and Sedition Acts, but believes it has been used too liberally. He is wary of Hamilton’s desperation to stop the Democratic-Republicans. Jay views a large national military as an unfortunate, but necessary, precaution.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 15:24 on Dec 6, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 02:41 on Dec 10, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 18:07 on Dec 13, 2015

• Notable Positions:President of the United States, Secretary of State, Ambassador to France, Governor of Virginia, Delegate to the Continental Congress, Author of the Declaration of Independence
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Brilliant. Humorless. Cosmopolitan. Slaveholder. Jefferson is a man of contradictions, at once the author of the Declaration of Independence and at the same time a defender of the plantation system. Though his revolutionary zeal and legal brilliance attracts admirers, Jefferson is known for being uncomfortable in public settings. He rarely speaks before crowds, dresses in old-fashioned clothing, and often secludes himself from other people.
  
• Platform: Thomas Jefferson has been responsible for several revolutions over the last few years. Under his administration, he has convinced the several states to eliminate property requirements for voting, giving almost all white men the right to vote. Jefferson has also brought about the Twelfth Amendment, repairing a previously broken electoral system. Most recently, Jefferson presided over the purchase of Louisiana from the French. Though some within Jefferson’s party have accused him of violating his principles, the doubling of American territory has proven popular among the common people. Many see the purchase as America’s first step toward becoming an “agrarian republic,” a nation where every citizen will be able to own their own plantation or farm. Jefferson supports wars that will halt “the dangerous extension of the British Province of Canada and add to the Empire of liberty.” He has also brought America one of its first formal military victories against the Barbary pirates. He believes in a military based on the militia system. Jefferson owns slaves, but has suggested that he would support a permanent end to the slave trade when the constitutional prohibition on it expires in 1808.

• Notable Positions: Governor of New York
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: A Revolutionary War hero and Governor of New York, Clinton is a powerful force in New York politics. Before independence, he was known for protecting the Sons of Liberty, an act which regularly earned him imprisonment by the British. During the war, he served as New York’s wartime governor and was responsible for coordinating the state’s war effort. His prior opposition to the Constitution has made Clinton a divisive figure outside the state. Hamilton has used his network of printers to spread rumors that Clinton is still opposed to the Constitution and will undo it if given power.
  
• Platform: A former Anti-Federalist deeply committed to the small freehold farmers of New York’s countryside, George Clinton is known as the “yeoman politician.” He opposes Hamilton’s economic reforms, as he believes they will give the national government excessive authority over the state and individual. He is fanatically opposed to the British. Clinton would like to see the establishment of a standing army to protect existing territory and to seize British lands. He opposes slavery on a personal basis, but sees the issue as a low priority. He has been non-committal about the slave trade’s end in 1808. He supports renewing American ties with France.

• Notable Positions: Minister of Finance, Ambassador to France, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Charles Pinckney is a nationally-respected leader who participated in the Revolutionary War and the Constitutional Convention. The eldest son of a prominent South Carolina planter, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was tutored in London and studied law at Christ Church College in Oxford. Despite his loyalist upbringing and a long career serving colonial government, Pinckney joined the Patriot cause. Between 1789 and 1795 he declined presidential appointments to the U.S. Army, Supreme Court, Department of War, and Department of State. Instead, he accepted a position as Ambassador to France, where he helped defuse the XYZ Affair. Pinckney is known for being extremely scrupulous, refusing to pay bribes to facilitate negotiations.
  
• Platform: With Adams’s retirement and Hamilton’s death, Pinckney is viewed as the last great candidate of the Federalist Party. Known as a “High Federalist,” Pinckney supports siding with Britain and declaring outright war against France. He believes in the need for a stronger, secularized national government that can preserve the ideals of the Revolution. He supported the Alien and Sedition Acts and believes legislators should serve without pay. Pinckney is a large slaveowner and opposed the immediate abolition of the slave trade at the Constitutional Convention. It is unknown whether he will support the slave trade’s ban when the current prohibition on it expires in 1808. He believes slavery to be integral to the economy of the South.

• Notable Positions: United States Senator from New York, Diplomat to the United Kingdom, New York State Assemblyman, Director of the Bank of the United States, Delegate at the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Rufus King is known as that other Federalist. The son of a Massachusetts farmer/merchant/lumberjack/sea captain, King had a pleasant childhood until an angry mob ransacked his childhood home in a fit of revolutionary passion. The incident proved to be a formative experience for King, who went on to the Constitutional Convention to condemn Jeffersonian populism and (eventually) the destruction of the Articles of Confederation. Working closely with Alexander Hamilton, King helped prepare a final draft of the United States Constitution and used his oratory to ensure its ratification. Though King has struggled in politics, he does have the respect of prominent people within both major parties. He is also a friend of Francisco de Miranda, a little-known revolutionary and South American dissident.
  
• Platform: Having been personally affected by mob violence, King believes in a strong central government that will be vigilant against threats, both inside and out. The national government must have the power to act against mob violence, as it did during the Whiskey Rebellion. It must also be strong enough to raise and control a large national army, so as to avoid conquest or a military coup. King believes that the United States should not align itself with European powers, but seek to end their domination of North and South America. He views Hamilton’s economic reforms as essential to the country’s future. King supports halting the expansion of slavery but is willing “to suffer the continuance of slaves until they can be gradually emancipated in states already overrun with them.” He strong favors an end to the slave trade when the constitutional prohibition on it expires in 1808.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 16:16 on Dec 13, 2015

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 12:13 on Dec 16, 2015

• Notable Positions: Secretary of State, Representative of Virginia, Writer of the Federalist Papers, Delegate at the Constitutional Convention, Primary Author of the Constitution, Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from Virginia
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: A member of the Virginia aristocracy, James Madison first became prominent during the Constitutional Convention. There, he helped write and build consensus on a new Constitution. In 1799, Madison returned to politics as a member of the Virginia legislature, where he railed against the Federalist Party and supported nullification to counteract their influence. As a result of his spirited action and his personal relationship with Jefferson, Madison was appointed Secretary of State. In this position he oversaw the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expeditions, and the Barbary Wars.
  
• Platform:Though he began his career as a strong defender of the national government, but has become a moderate Democratic-Republican due to Jefferson’s influence. Though he supports in decentralized authority in principle, Madison is afraid that the states may become more tyrannous that the national government if they are not kept in check. Madison is unenthusiastic about Hamilton’s Bank of the United States and fears that other countries, like Great Britain, may try to use it to subvert the United States government. Madison supports France and believes that a “Second War of Independence” against Britain may be necessary to secure the Republic’s independence. Madison is one of Virginia’s largest slave owners.

• Notable Positions: Vice President of the United States, Governor of New York
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: A Revolutionary War hero and Governor of New York, Clinton is a powerful force in New York politics. Before independence, he was known for protecting the Sons of Liberty, an act which regularly earned him imprisonment by the British. During the war, he served as New York’s wartime governor and was responsible for coordinating the state’s war effort. His prior opposition to the Constitution has made Clinton a divisive figure outside the state. Hamilton has used his network of printers to spread rumors that Clinton is still opposed to the Constitution and will undo it if given power.
  
• Platform: A former Anti-Federalist deeply committed to the small freehold farmers of New York’s countryside, George Clinton is known as the “yeoman politician.” He opposes Hamilton’s economic reforms, as he believes they will give the national government excessive authority over the state and individual. He is fanatically opposed to the British. Clinton would like to see the establishment of a standing army to protect existing territory and to seize British lands. He opposes slavery on a personal basis, but sees the issue as a low priority. Of high importance to Clinton is the destruction of the Bank of the United States, which he sees as little more than a Federalist monstrosity. He supports renewing American ties with France and supporting its continental ambitions.

• Notable Positions: President pro tempore of the United States Senate, United States Senator from New Hampshire, Governor of New Hampshire
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: Langdon is the son of a wealthy farmer but has made a fortune as a merchant. Langdon vigorously supported the Revolution and served the Patriot cause in numerous capacities. Though he initially aligned with the Federalists, Langdon has embraced Jefferson and his belief in state authority.
  
• Platform: Langdon has been unwillingly recruited by the tertium quids to oppose Madison due to his strong anti-nationalist credentials. Though initially a supporter of Hamilton’s economic reforms, Langdon became increasingly disenchanted with the Federalist Party. He believes the Bank of the United States to be tyrannous and supports its abolition. He has turned down appointments for the Secretaryship of the Navy over his distaste for warfare. Langdon supports a strengthening of state governments.

• Notable Positions: Minister of Finance, Ambassador to France, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Charles Pinckney is a nationally-respected leader who participated in the Revolutionary War and the Constitutional Convention. The eldest son of a prominent South Carolina planter, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was tutored in London and studied law at Christ Church College in Oxford. Despite his loyalist upbringing and a long career serving colonial government, Pinckney joined the Patriot cause. Between 1789 and 1795 he declined presidential appointments to the U.S. Army, Supreme Court, Department of War, and Department of State. Instead, he accepted a position as Ambassador to France, where he helped defuse the XYZ Affair. Pinckney is known for being extremely scrupulous, refusing to pay bribes to facilitate negotiations.
  
• Platform: With Adams’s retirement and Hamilton’s death, Pinckney is viewed as the last great candidate of the Federalist Party. Known as a “High Federalist,” Pinckney supports siding with Britain and declaring outright war against France. He believes in the need for a stronger, secularized national government that can preserve the ideals of the Revolution. He supports the Alien and Sedition Acts and believes legislators should serve without pay. Pinckney is a large slaveowner and opposed the immediate abolition of the slave trade at the Constitutional Convention. He believes slavery to be integral to the economy of the South. Pinckney is an avid supporter of the Bank of the United States and has argued that abolishing it will destroy the value of America’s credit.

• Notable Positions: United States Senator from New York, Diplomat to the United Kingdom, New York State Assemblyman, Delegate at the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Rufus King is known as that other Federalist. The son of a Massachusetts farmer-merchant-lumberman-sea captain, King had a pleasant childhood until an angry mob ransacked his childhood home in a fit of revolutionary passion. The incident proved to be a formative experience for King, who went on to the Constitutional Convention to condemn Jeffersonian populism and (eventually) the destruction of the Articles of Confederation. Working closely with Alexander Hamilton, King helped prepare a final draft of the United States Constitution and used his oratory to ensure its ratification. Though King has struggled in politics, he does have the respect of prominent people within both major parties. He is also a friend of Francisco de Miranda, a little-known revolutionary and South American dissident.
  
• Platform: Having been personally affected by mob violence, King believes in a strong central government that will be vigilant against threats, both inside and out. The national government must have the power to act against mob violence, as it did during the Whiskey Rebellion. It must also be strong enough to raise and control a large national army, so as to avoid conquest or a military coup. King believes that the United States should not align itself with European powers, but seek to end their domination of North and South America. He views Hamilton’s economic reforms as essential to the country’s future. King supports halting the expansion of slavery but is willing “to suffer the continuance of slaves until they can be gradually emancipated in states already overrun with them.” King has demanded the Bank of the United States be maintained and has argued that its destruction will have a corrosive effect on the economy.

• Notable Positions: Governor of Virginia, Ambassador to France, United States Senator from Virginia, Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from Virginia
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: James Monroe is the wealthy orphan son of a wealthy Virginia planter. During the Revolution, he fought at Trention, Monmouth, Brandywine, and Germantown ad suffered several near-fatal wounds. After the war, he studied law and met Thomas Jefferson, who adopted Monroe as a protégé. Always independent-minded, however, Monroe’s relationship with Jefferson and Madison has become strained over the issue of foreign relations. Despite Monroe’s pleas, Jefferson has refused to even recognize Monroe’s diplomatic efforts.
  
• Platform: James Monroe has aligned himself with the tertium quids, a loose coalition of Democratic-Republicans who believe that Jefferson and Madison have subverted the party’s principles of decentralization, rejection of public debts, and a general hatred of warfare. Monroe believes that the United States should not try to antagonize the British and was personally hurt when Jefferson repudiated the Jay Treaty. He does not believe the country can withstand another war with the British or French. Monroe supports dramatically shrinking the federal government so as to empower local and state governments. He despises the Bank of the United States. Monroe is a slaveowner, but considers the institution to be evil. He has proposed a system of gradual abolition, wherein former slaves will be deported to Africa.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 02:14 on Dec 23, 2015

• Notable Positions: Secretary of State, Representative of Virginia, Writer of the Federalist Papers, Delegate at the Constitutional Convention, Primary Author of the Constitution, Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from Virginia
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: A member of the Virginia aristocracy, James Madison first became prominent during the Constitutional Convention. There, he helped write and build consensus on a new Constitution. In 1799, Madison returned to politics as a member of the Virginia legislature, where he railed against the Federalist Party and supported nullification to counteract their influence. As a result of his spirited action and his personal relationship with Jefferson, Madison was appointed Secretary of State. In this position he oversaw the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expeditions, and the Barbary Wars.
  
• Platform: Madison’s campaign focuses almost exclusively on the Second War of Independence and his management of it. Though he claims never to have sought war, Madison urges the country to fight vigorously against an enemy “which [is] known to spare neither age nor sex… [from its] most shocking butcheries.” Madison promises to fight the war more vigorously than ever before and to secure the northern states from invasion. He further vows to fight onward, until the British agree to respect American sovereignty, allow the free movement of American trade, and end impressment. There are other whisperings about the possible annexation of Canada and an expansion of the United States into Indian territories, but those are not official war goals. In all other affairs, Madison is an adamant Democratic-Republican. He opposes central banking, supports France, and believes in a military based on state militias. He is a slave owner.

• Notable Positions: Governor of Massachusetts, Representative from Massachusetts,
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: In national politics, there are as few politicians as controversial as Elbridge Gerry. The son of a wealthy British family, Elbridge Gerry actively resisted the Patriot cause during the American Revolution and was one of three men who refused to sign the United States Constitution. Though he later acceded to both documents, Gerry’s fear of “demagoguery” and has made him an unusual figure within the Democratic-Republican Party. Though he was dispatched to help resolve the XYZ Affair, some believe Gerry has “done more injury to this country… than he will be able to make atonement in his whole life.” He has the unique distinction of being the namesake of the term “gerrymandering.”
  
• Platform: Gerry is a zealous supporter of Madison and has accused the Federalist Party of actively helping British forces to help their electoral chances. He supports the mass arrest of Federalist printers and party leaders. In all other affairs, Gerry is a typical Democratic-Republican. He is a passionate supporter of American-French ties and has paid special attention to Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, Napoleon’s sister-in-law, to retain good ties. Gerry supports decentralization and reducing the size of the federal government. He supports states’ rights but opposes increased individual freedoms because “the people have the wildest ideas of government in the world.”

• Notable Positions: United States Senator from New York, Mayor of New York City, New York State Assemblyman
  
• Party Affiliation: Democratic-Republican Party
  
• Biography: DeWitt Clinton is the head of New York’s Clinton family, a nephew of the recently deceased Vice President George Clinton, and a former confidant of George Washington. Though he lacks military experience, DeWitt Clinton has often drawn upon the memory of his father, a military war hero, to engage with former veterans and the state militia. As Mayor of New York he was known for personally quelling riots and has, notably, defended Catholic immigrants from angry mobs. He is an avid proponent of the fine arts and has used his ties to Manhattan Bank to sponsor New York’s cultural scene.
  
• Platform: Though his backers are largely driven by a desire to end Mr. Madison’s War as soon as possible, Clinton has adopted a unique campaign strategy to avoid appearing as an appeaser. He gives anti-war speeches in places where he knows the voters oppose the war, but also gives anti-British speeches and calls for a vigorous prosecution of the war in areas where he knows that war against Britain is popular. In private, Clinton’s backers claim that these positions are not contradictory. Once Clinton is President, they argue, Clinton will massively upgrade the military capabilities of the nation, and then pursue peace from a position of equal or superior strength. This tactic has earned him the disgust of former President John Adams, who has crossed party lines to support James Madison. In all other affairs, DeWitt Clinton is a moderate who falls along the fringes of both Democratic-Republican and Federalist parties. He supports large public works projects to stimulate the economy, including a canal network to link the Great Lakes, but opposes the centralized government advocated by some Hamiltonians. He supports the abolition of slavery.

• Notable Positions: Attorney General of Pennsylvania, Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Second Continental Congress,
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Jared Ingersoll’s political career began in 1765, when a group of radical Patriots tarred and feathered his father before hanging his effigy outside Jared’s childhood home. Seeking to escape the rising tensions of New England, Ingersoll left New Haven to study law in Philadelphia, where he associated with moderate Patriots and eventually supported independence. Always a supporter of strong central government, Ingersoll objected to the Articles of Confederation and participated in the Constitutional Convention. He has since helped define constitutional law from Philadelphia as Attorney General.
  
• Platform: Ingersoll has described the War of 1812 as a “miscarriage without even the heroism of disaster” fought with “gross misconduct [by] Madison and his ministers.” Jared Ingersoll vocally opposes “Mr. Madison’s War,” and has demanded the Administration immediately seek peace. In all other matters, Ingersoll is a moderate Federalist who supports central banking, increased authority for the national government, and close ties with Great Britain. He does not own slaves.

• Notable Positions: United States Senator from New York, Diplomat to the United Kingdom, New York State Assemblyman, Delegate at the Constitutional Convention
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Rufus King is known as the Last Great Federalist. The son of a Massachusetts farmer-merchant-lumberman-sea captain, King had a pleasant childhood until an angry mob ransacked his childhood home in a fit of revolutionary passion. The incident proved to be a formative experience for King, who went on to the Constitutional Convention to condemn Jeffersonian populism and (eventually) the destruction of the Articles of Confederation. Working closely with Alexander Hamilton, King helped prepare a final draft of the United States Constitution and used his oratory to ensure its ratification. Though King has struggled in politics, he does have the respect of prominent people within both major parties. He is also a friend of Francisco de Miranda, a little-known revolutionary and South American dissident.
  
• Platform: Rufus King is one of the most prominent critics of Mr. Madison’s War in the Senate. He considers it a “war of party, and not one of Country.” The state militias have been illegally transformed from a defensive force to an offensive regular army. Congress has ignored public opinion. Madison has urged for war not to save the captured seamen, but to protect his electoral prospects. As such. King has advocated passive resistance to the Madison Administration to “preserve the country from ruin.” King is fundamentally opposed to violence or an expanded military. He does not believe the public would support a strong military or pay the taxes needed to support it. In all other affairs, King is a High Federalist. He believes in a strong central government, considers Napoleon to be a traitor to the French people, and supports a state-directed economy. King supports halting the expansion of slavery but is willing “to suffer the continuance of slaves until they can be gradually emancipated in states already overrun with them.”

• Notable Positions: Governor of North Carolina, Grand Master of Masons of North Carolina, Lieutenant in the Continental Army
  
• Party Affiliation: Federalist Party
  
• Biography: Davie is one of the lesser Founding Fathers, a man who was old enough to fight in the Revolutionary War but too young to affect the Articles of Confederation or Constitution in any substantial way. Most prominently, Davie helped defend Charlotte, North Carolina during General Lord Cornwallis’s advance. Though Cornwallis eventually occupied Charlotte, a combination of guerilla warfare and supply problems forced the British to withdraw from “the hornet’s nest.” After the war, Davie became a circuit court lawyer, orator, and politician. He is the founder of the University of North Carolina, a Federalist island in a sea of Democratic-Republicans.
  
• Platform: Davie opposes Mr. Madison’s War and considers it responsible for the South’s economic woes. Because plantations are largely dependent on foreign commerce, any prolonged blockade risks catastrophe. He is worried by the “monstrous strides toward despotism made by the party in power” and is particularly concerned about Elbridge Gerry’s place on the Democratic-Republican ticket. Though Davie is a military man, he opposes the creation of a large standing army to avoid national discontent. He believes that heavy taxes and conscription will drive New England to secede and plunge the United States into civil war. In all other affairs, Davie is a moderate Federalist. He supports rapprochement with the Indian Tribes. He is a slaveowner.

QuoProQuid has issued a correction as of 03:01 on Dec 28, 2015